Download - Forms of Government
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Forms of Government“Democracy is the worst form of
government, except for all the others”
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What is the best form of government?
No two governments are alike◦ Arise out of particular needs
Classifying Governments
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1. Who can participate in governing process
2. Geographic distribution of governmental power within the state
3. Relationship between legislative and executive branch
Three Classifications
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One of the most important classifications
Lets consider two basic forms ◦ Democracies ◦ Dictatorships
Who can participate?
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Can be direct or indirect
◦ Direct: will of people translates into public policy New England town meetings Does not exist on National level
anywhere
◦ Indirect: Group of people chosen by population express the popular will Representative democracy,
Republic America, Ancient Rome
Democracy
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Americans use term democracy, republic, representative democracy, and republican form of government interchangeably.
Each of the above are a different form of government
In democracy bottom line is that the people are sovereign
Democracy
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Rulers not held responsible to will of the people
Oldest form of government in the world
Can be an autocracy, or an oligarchy
Dictatorship
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Autocracy ◦ Single person holds
unlimited political power
Oligarchy ◦ Political power held by
small elite group
All are authoritarian ◦ Absolute power over the
people ◦ Totalitarian: complete
power over human affairs
Dictatorship
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Militaristic in general◦ Usually gain control
through force
Illusion◦ Often hold elections ◦ Multiple government
bodies
Dictatorship
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Power to govern is located in multiple places
Three basic models ◦ Unitary◦ Federal◦ Confederate
Geographic Distribution of Power
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Centralized government
Central government creates local units
British government is perfect example◦ Parliament holds the power
Creates smaller government organizations to help
Unitary Government
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Powers divided between central and local governments
Authority superior to both governments creates the division of powers
Modern US, Australia, Canada, Mexico, etc
Federal Government
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Alliance of independent states
Central government has limited power
Allows states to maintain identity but come together for common good
EU is best modern example. CSA, Iroquois
Confederate Government
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Another way to examine roles of government
Presidential and Parliamentary
Relation: Legislative—Executive
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Executive and legislative separate and coequal
Have separate powers over one another
Invented by the US
Presidential Government
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Executive is prime minister and that officials cabinet
PM and cabinet are part of legislator
PM is chosen by most powerful group of parliament ◦ Executive is part of legislator and under its control
Parliamentary Government
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PM only keeps control with confidence of parliament ◦ Vote of no confidence ◦ Can remove PM or reset all of parliament
Parliament can avoid deadlock with this structure ◦ Checks and balances non existent
Parliamentary Government