Download - Fossil Evidence of Evolution
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FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
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The Fossil Record The Fossil Record – made up of all
the fossils ever discovered on Earth provides evidence that species have
changed over time
Fossil – the remains or evidence of once-living organisms
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Fossil Formation Mineralization
minerals in water replace the organism’s original material and harden into rock
Carbonization extreme pressure
drives off the organism’s liquids and gases leaving only the carbon outline
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Fossil Formation Molds and Casts
Mold – impression of an organism in hardened mud or sand
Cast – a fossil copy of an organism in a rock created by sediment filling in the mold
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Fossil Formation Trace Fossils
preserved evidence of the organism’s activity, like footprints
Original Material original tissues
of an organism, like insects in amber (tree sap)
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Relative-Age vs. Absolute-Age
Relative-Age – scientists determine the relative order in which rock layers were deposited( Most Accurate when the rock layers are undisturbed.)
Absolute-Age (Radioactive Dating)– scientists use the ratio of unstable isotopes to stable isotopes to find the age of rocks; more precise ex. carbon-14 dating
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The Geologic Time Scale a chart that divides Earth’s history
into different time units
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Extinctions Extinction – occurs when last
individual organism of a species dies Mass Extinction
when many species become extinct within a few million years or less
there have been 5 mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic eon
Causes of Extinction Sudden change – like meteor impact or
volcanic eruption Gradual change – like tectonic plates or sea
level changes
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Biological Evolution the change over time in populations
of related organisms