Download - Foundations of Curriculum
SGDC 5013 CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY
PROF. MADYA DR. ABDULL SUKOR SHAARI
Foundations of Curriculum
PREPARED BY
HASLINA BINTI CHE ISMAIL 816352RUSNIZA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK 816356
FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum
developers.
In this way these effect the content and structure of the curriculum.
Foundations of Curriculum
-philosophical-historical
-psychological-social
The Philosophical Foundation
of Curriculum
THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM Philosophy provides educators, teachers and
curriculum makers with framework for planning for implementing and evaluating curriculum in schools.
It helps in answering: What schools are for?
What subjects are important? How students should learn and what materials and methods
should be used.
In decision making :
Philosophy provides the starting point and will be used for the succeeding decision making.
The philosophy of a curriculum planner, implementor or evaluator reflects his or her life experiences, common beliefs, social and economic background and education
School purposes
Suggestions from subject specialists
Studies of contemporary life
Use of psychology of learningUse of philosophy
Studies of learners
Tyler’s view of philosophy in relation To school purposes
The Philosophical Foundation of
Curriculum
Major Philosophy
-idealism-realism
-pragmatism-existentialism
IDEALISMAim of Education – The curriculum is
based upon the idea or assumption of the spiritual nature of man
Role of Education – A subject –matter or curriculum must emphasize the great and enduring ideas of the culture.
Focus in the Curriculum – Subjects must be essential for the realization of mental and moral Development
Major Philosophies
Aim of Education – • A pupil shall be taught with strong
states of personal discipline• Pupil must be provided with
essential knowledge required for survival in natural world
Role of Education – Subjects are taught by a teacher who is impersonal and objective and knows the subject fully
Major PhilosophiesREALISM
Focus in the Curriculum – • Curriculum is best organized
according to subject – matter• Curriculum should also
emphasized the effects of the social environment on the individual’s life
Curriculum Trends – The teaching method recommended are authoritative
Major PhilosophiesREALISM
Aim of Education – developing those experiences that will enable one to lead a good life.Role of Education – Education must help its students become excellent citizens in a democratic societyFocus in the Curriculum – School Curriculum must be part of social contextCurriculum Trends – Instruction organized around problem solving according to the scientific method
PRAGMATISMMajor Philosophies
Aim of Education – Teaching strategies must stimulate an awareness that each person creates a self-concept through significant choices
Role of Education – Teacher should help the student to become for himself what it is he wants to become
Focus in the Curriculum – School assists student in knowing themselves and leaning their place in society
EXISTENTIALISMMajor Philosophies
The Philosophical Foundation of
Curriculum
Educational Philosophy
-perennialism-essentialism
-proggressivism-reconstructionism
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Educational philosophy – Perennialism
Aim of Education
to educate the rational person; to cultivate the
intellect. Role of Education
teachers help students think with reason. Focus in curriculum
classical subject s, literary analysis and curriculum is constant
Curriculum trends
use of great books and return to liberal arts
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Educational philosophy – Essentialism
Aim of Education to promote the intellectual growth of the
individual and educate a competent person
Role of Education the teachers is the sole authority in his
/her subject area/ field of specialization
Educational philosophy – Essentialism
Focus in curriculum essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential
subjects of English, Science, History, Math and other foreign language
Curriculum trends excellence in education, back to basics and
cultural literacy
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Educational philosophy - Progressivism
Aim of Education
to promote democratic and social living
Role of Education
knowledge lead s to growth and development of life long learners who actively learn by doing.
Educational philosophy – Progressivism
Focus in curriculum
essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential subjects of English, Science, History, Math and other foreign language
Curriculum trends
excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Educational philosophy – Reconstructivism
Aim of Education
to improve and reconstruct society Education for change
Role of Education
teachers act as agents of change and reform in various educational projects including reseach
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Educational philosophy – Reconstructivism
Focus in curriculum
focus on present and future trends and issues of national and international interests
Curriculum trends
equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
The Historical Foundation of
Curriculum
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
It includes Role of curriculum in achievements of
nations. Guides future plans Factors that influence development of
nation e.g. unity Eliminates the useless traditions.
Curriculum TheoristsFranklin Bobbit Werret Charters William Kilpatrick Harold Rugg Hollis Caswell Ralph Tyler
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) Presented curriculum as a science that emphasizes on students' need. Curriculum prepares for adult life
Werret Charters (1875-1952) Cconsidered curriculum also as a science which is based on students' need and the teachers plan the activities.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
William Kilpatrick (1871-1965) viewed curriculum as purposeful activities which are child-centered. The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth.
Harold Rugg (1886-1960) Curriculum should develop the whole child. He emphasized social studies in the curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Hollis Caswell (1901-1989) Sees curriculum as organized around social functions of themes, organized knowledge and earner's interests.
Ralph Tyler (1902-1994) Believes that curriculum is a science and an extension of school's philosophy.
Curriculum Development in Malaysia EDUCATION HISTORY IN MALAYSIA
PERKEMBANGAN EMPAT PERINGKAT SISTEM
PENDIDIKAN DI MALAYSIA
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN
KOLONIALISME BRITISH
1700-1786
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN
SELEPAS KOLONIALISME
BRITISH1786-1956
PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS MERDEKA
PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU
Curriculum Development in Malaysia THE EDUCATION SYSTEM BEFORE
BRITISH KOLONOLISME (1400-1786)
PENDIDIKAN ZAMAN SEBELUM KOLONIALISME
MASJID ATAU SURAU
SISTEM SEKOLAH PONDOK
SISTEM MADRASAH
ATAU SEKOLAH AGAMA MODEN
Curriculum Development in Malaysia EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE AGE OF BRITISH
COLONIALISM (1786-1956).
ZAMAN KOLONONIAL
BRITISH1786 -1956
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR
MELAYU
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR CINA
SEKOLAH
VERNAKULAR TAMIL
SEKOLAH VERNAKULAR
INGGERIS
Curriculum Development in MalaysiaEDUCATION SYSTEM AFTER SECOND WORLD WAR
(1946-1956)
PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKA N SELEPAS PERANG DUNIA KE 2
RANCANGAN CHEESEMEN
PENYATA BARNES
PENYATA FERN WUORDINAN
PELAJARAN
PENYATA RAZAK
Curriculum Development in Malaysia
EDUCATION SYSTEM AFTER INDEPENDENCE (1957-1996)
PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN SELEPAS KEMERDEKAAN
LAPORAN RAHMAN TALIB
AKTA PELAJARAN
LAPORAN HUSSAIN ONN
KBSR DAN KBSM
Curriculum Development in MalaysiaMILLENNIUM EDUCATION
PENDIDIKAN ALAF BARU
PELAN INDUK PEMBANGUNAN
PENDIDIKAN (PIPP)
SEKOLAH WAWASAN
SEKOLAH BESTARI
SEKOLAH KLUSTER
The Psychological
of Curriculum
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. It gives insight into:
Child development Learning Inquiry techniques Educational objectives Student characteristics Learning process Teaching method Evaluation procedures
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Three major groups
of learning theories:1. Behaviorists
Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Humanistic Psychology
BEHAVIORISTS PSYCHOLOGY
Consider that learning should be organized in order that students can experience success in the process of mastering the subject matter
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
BEHAVIORISTS PSYCHOLOGY
BEHAVIORISM FLOW (1878 - 1958)
Psychologists behaviorism assert
PURPOSE KNOWLEDGE OF PSYCHOLOGY
Controlling behavior
elaborates
explain
forecast
Focus their attention on how individuals process information and how the monitor and manage thinking.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
THE MEMBERS OF COGNITIVISM
Max Wertheimer 1880 - 1943
Wolfgang Kohler 1887 - 1967
Kurt Koffka 1886-1941
Jean Piaget( 1896 - 1980)
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
( 1896 – 1934)
Jerome S. Bruner (1915- )
David Ausubel(1918 -)
Robert Mills Gagné
(1916 – 2002)
Concerned with how learners can develop their human potential
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
HUMANISTIC FLOW(1908 - 1987 )
FOUNDER
CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)
ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGYAPPROACH OF HUMANISTIC
CARL ROGERS(1902-1987)
ABRAHAM MASLOW 1908-1970
GORDON ALLPORT(1897-1967)
ROLLO MAY(1909-1994)
This approach argues that human beings are free and decent individual with the potential to grow and have goals to achieve.
The theory states that people are motivated to act to do something wishes or needs.
According to this approach, people are always active and not wait to be planned by others.
The Social Foundation of
Curriculum
Sociology is the study of social relationships, institutions and society.
It includes Value of society Media explosion New forms of cooperation Culture etc.
SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
Schools exist within the social context.
Schools are not only institutions that can educate people in the society.
Schools are made to help to understand the changes globalization brings.
The relationship of curriculum and society is mutual and encompassing.
SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM
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