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Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal
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FDR Elected in 1932Took Oath of Office – Mar 5, 1933Began New Deal on inauguration
dayNew Deal – economic stimulus
package to get US out of Depression
Elected to 3 more terms 1936, 1940, 1944. Only President to serve more than two.
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Restore ConfidenceUpbeat and
OptimisticGreat Speaker
– Inaugural address - “Only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
– Fireside Chats – weekly radio address
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The First 100 Days
Greatest period of domestic legislation in American History in regards to the number of significant bills that were passed
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Bank Recovery• Lines at banks• 4/5 of states temporarily
closed their banks• Emergency Bank Act –
Mar 9, 1933• Federal Deposit
Insurance Company (FDIC) – June 1933
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Creation of Jobs – May 1933Federal
Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
Civil Works Administration
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – May 1933
Farm commodity prices depressedAttempt to make farming
competitiveProvided subsidies for farmers to
not plant - fallow land
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National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) – June 1933
Created Public Works Administration - $3.3 billion
Established fair competition standards by industry
Workers rights Opponents argued
it is communismRuled
unconstitutional in 1935
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Is It Working?? Had no clear ideological basis, but ... Banks reopen 100,000 people go back to work. Economic indicators start to rise. Creates optimism. Does not end the depression…this
leads to the 2nd New Deal
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Reform Legislation of 2nd New Deal WPA – Works Progress Admin NLRA – National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act) Social Security Act 1935
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New Deal In DeclineFDR’s reputation from Court
Packing takes a hitRecession in 1937 – more criticism
of New DealLabor Strikes – national mood
toward labor declinesIssues with Italy, Germany, Japan
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John Maynard KeynesGovernment must spend
during a recession– Deficit spending is OK if
necessaryHope is to jump start the
economyDuring good economic
times you pay down the national debt.
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The New Deal in closingIncreased the size of federal
bureaucracy Committed country to federal
responsibility for national welfareAfrican-Americans shift from
republican to democrat voters