Download - Frantz Fanon. Bio
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Frantz Fanon
1925-1961
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Writings
The Wretched of the Earth1961
Black Skin White Mask 1952A Dying Colonialism
Towards the AfricanRevolution: Essays
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Frantz Fanon - Biography
Proponent of anti-colonial revolutionary
thought
Fanon was born in 1925, to a middle-class
family in the French colony of Martinique.Married French Woman Jose Duble
In 1953, Fanon became Head of the
Psychiatry Department at the Blida-
Joinville Hospital in Algeria,
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Biography continued 1956 he formally resigned his post with the
French government to work for the Algeriancause.
Following his resignation, Fanon fled to
Tunisia and began working openly with theAlgerian independence movement.
While in Ghana, Fanon developedleukemia, he died in 1961 in an Americanhospital in Maryland.
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Fanons Theories Colonisation by language
the category "white" depends for its stability on itsnegation, "black."
In The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon develops the
perspective implicit in Black skin white mask. Toovercome the binary system in which black is badand white is good, Fanon argues that an entirelynew world must come into being. This utopiandesire, to be absolutely free of the past, requirestotal revolution, "absolute violence" (37).
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Theories Use of violence
Fanon rejected the concept of Negritude
"I have no wish to be the victim of the Fraudof
a black world.
My life should not be devoted to drawing up
the balance sheet of Negro values.
I am not a prisoner of history. I should not
seek there for the meaning of my destiny.
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Terms
Anti-colonialism
The subaltern
Negritude
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Other aspects The black man has two dimensions. One with his
fellows, the other with the white man. A Negrobehaves differently with a white man and with
another Negro. That this self-division is a direct
result of colonialist subjugation is beyondquestion...No one would dream of doubting that its
major artery is fed from the heart of those various
theories that have tried to prove that the Negro is astage in the slow evolution of monkey into man....
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Literature
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Sambos Language
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Influences on Fanon
Treated with disdain
Personal experiences of rejection
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Critiques of Fanon Fanon as being unrealistic
Fanon knew that violence could not work yetadvocated its use
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Algeria Independence in 1962
Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, notArab; the minority who identify themselves asBerber live mostly in the mountainous region ofKabylie east of Algeirs; the Berbers are alsoMuslim but identify with their Berber rather thanArab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated,
sometimes violently, for autonomy; thegovernment is unlikely to grant autonomy but hasoffered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber
language in schools
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French colonisation (1830-
1962) Influence of the French Empire
demographicallyMuslims viewed as an inferior underclass
officially French subjects they could notbecome French citizens unless theyrenounced Islam and converted toChristianity.
After world war II attempts by French toassimilate too late for Algerians.
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Overview
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Statistics
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Towards the African Revolution
political essaysLetters to a French man
Unperceived arab
Ignored arabs
Perpetuated by an ignorant silenceTeaching young arab children seen as the
less they understand the better off they are
Largely illiterated and depersonalised.
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Some of Fanons observationsThe negrowill be proportionately
whiterin direct ratio to his mastery of theFrench language (Black Skin, White Mask)
A man who has a language possesses the
world expressed and implied by thatlanguage.
Adopts the cultural baggage of mother
country due to strong identification ofsuperiority of that culture.
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The French Empire France had colonial possessions from the
beginning of the seventeenth century four overseas departements- Caribbean islands of
Guadeloupe and Martiniques, Reunion in the
indian ocean and the and the small south americanmainland possession of french; 3 overseas
territories: French, French Southern and Antarctic
Lands, New Caledonia; and two territorialcollectivities: Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and St.
Pierre and Miquelon near Newfoundland.
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HistoryFirst French Empire
Colonial conflict with Great Britain from1744 1815
War of the Austrian Succession (17441748),the Seven Years War (17561763), the War
of the American Revolution (17781783),
and the French Revolutionary (17931802
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The second french colonial
empireBeginnings in 1830 with the French
invasion of AlgeriaThe French made their last major colonial
gains after the First world, when they
gained mandates over the former Turkishterritories that make up what is now Syriaand the Lebanon, as well as most of the
former German colonies of Togo andCameroon.
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Collapse of the empireAfter the second world war II
War with Algeria in the 1950s
"For, remember this, France does not stand
alone. She is not isolated. Behind her standsa vast Empire"
Charles de Gaulle, June 18, 1940
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ConclusionFrantz Fanon process of decolonisation
evaluatedFrench Empire
Algeria Identity and Language