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FRBR and Cataloguing Rules: Impact on IFLA’s Statement of Principles and AACR/RDA
by Barbara B. TillettFRBR WorkshopDublin, OhioMay 4, 2005
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Entity-relationship model
• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes
User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain
National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)
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Possible FRBR applicationsScenario A - Now
Authority
Bibliographic
Holding Item
Work/Expression
UniformTitle Concept
Manifestation
Person
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
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Scenario B
Work/ExpressionUniform
Title
Manifestation
Authority
Bibliographic
Holding Item
Concept
Person/Corporate
body
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
Person/Corporate
body
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Scenario C
Work/ExpressionUniform
Title Manifestation
Authority
Bibliographic
Holding Item
Concept
Person/Corporate
body
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
Person/Corporate
body
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Scenario D
Work/ExpressionUniform
Title
Authority
Holding Manifestation/Item
Concept
Person/Corporate
body
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
Person/Corporate
body
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Scenario E
Work/ExpressionUniform
Title
Authority
Holding Manifestation/Item
Concept
Person/Corporate
body
Series (work/expression)
UniformTitle
Person/Corporate
body
Bibliographic
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JSC Public Web Site
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/index.html
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Resource Description
andAccess
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Strategic Plan for AACR/RDA
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/stratplan.html
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Targets of Strategic Plan
1. New edition – 2007/2008• New Introductions
Principles, functions of catalog, conceptual info.• Content guidelines, updated examples• Authority control• FRBR terms when useful• Simplify
Reduce redundancy Increase consistency across all types of content
2. Reach out to other communities3. Web-based product
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RDAResource Description and Access Introductions (general principles/ concepts) Part I - Description Part II - Relationships Part III – Authority control Appendices
• Display options• Abbreviations, capitalization, numbers• Glossary
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RDA Timeline (Proposal) Dec. 2004 Draft Pt. 1 to constituents Apr. 2005 Reworked approach/structure July 2005 “Prospectus” for RDA Dec. 2005 Reworked Pt. 1 2006 Reworked Pt. 2 2006 Pt. 3 2007 Introductions and Appendices June 2007 Tests of Web product Dec. 2007 Text to publishers 2008 RDA Web available
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International Cataloguing Principles
ICCP, Paris, 1961
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IME ICC 2
Latin America/
Caribbean
IME ICC 1 Europe (including AACR2)
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Draft Statement of Principles Bulgarian Chinese Croatian Czech English Finnish French German Greek Hungarian
Italian Japanese Korean Lithuanian Portuguese Romanian Russian Slovak Spanish (Spain) Spanish (Latin America)
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IME ICC Goals & Objectives Goal
• Increase the ability to share cataloguing worldwide by
• Promoting standards
Objectives• Develop “Statement of International
Cataloguing Principles”• See if we can get closer together • Make recommendations for an International
Cataloguing Code
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Introduction Serve the convenience of the users Broaden Paris Principles
• All types of materials (not just text)• Description• Access (not just choice and form of entry, but
all access for bibliographic and authority records)
Build on • Great cataloguing traditions of the world• FRBR and FRAR and future FR-Subjects
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1. Scope
Guide development of cataloguing codes
Bibliographic and authority records
Library catalogues + Consistent approach
to descriptive and subject cataloguing
All kinds of resources
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Scope, continued
Highest principle for constructing cataloguing codes =
convenience of the users of the catalogue
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2.1 Entities in Bibliographic Records FRBR entities
• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item
Separate bibliographic record for each manifestation• Collection• Individual work• Component
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2.2 Entities in Authority Records Controlled forms of names
• Person• Family• Corporate Body• Work• Expression• Manifestation• Item• Concept• Object• Event• Place
Конфуций
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2.3 Attributes and 2.4 Relationships Attributes
• Identify the entity• Data elements in bibliographic and authority
records Relationships
• Bibliographically significant• Identified through the catalogue
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3. Functions of the Catalogue
To enable a user to• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain• Navigate
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Functions of the Catalogue To enable a user to
Find Single resource All resources belonging to same work All resources belonging to same expression All resources belonging to same manifestation All works and expressions of a given person,
family, or corporate body All resources on a given subject All resources defined by other criteria
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4. Bibliographic Description
Based on internationally agreed standard• ISBDs
Levels of completeness• Based on purpose of the catalogue or
bibliographic file
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5. Access Points Formulate following general principles Controlled
• Provide consistency• Normalize following a standard (“authorized
headings”) • Record in authority records (normalized forms
and variant forms to use as references) Uncontrolled
• Title proper found on manifestation• Keywords
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5.1.1 Choice of Access Points
Bibliographic record• Titles of works and expressions (controlled)• Titles of manifestations (uncontrolled)• Names of creators of works (controlled)• Names of other persons, families, corporate
bodies, and subjects deemed important for finding, identifying, selecting the bibliographic resource
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5.1.1.2 Access Points to Authority Record Authorized form of name Variant forms of name Related names
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5.1.3 Language Names expressed in several languages,
prefer• Information from manifestations of the
expression in the original language and script, but
• If original language and script is not normally used in the catalogue, the heading may be based on forms found on manifestations or in references in one of the languages and scripts best suited to users of catalogue
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5.1.3 Language, continued
Access should be provided in original language and script whenever possible, through either the authorized heading or a reference.
If transliterations are desirable, an international standard for script conversion should be followed.
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5.2 Forms of Names for Persons
Still under discussion:
Name consists of several words, entry word should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that person, as found on manifestations or reference sources.
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5.3 Forms of Names for FamiliesStill under discussion:
Name consists of several words, entry word should follow conventions of the country and language most associated with that family, as found on manifestations or reference sources.
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5.4 Forms of Names for Corporate BodiesStill under discussion:
Corporate name should be given in direct order, as commonly found on manifestations
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5.5 Forms of Uniform Titles
Title alone or Name/title combination or Title qualified by addition of identifying
elements• Corporate name• Place• Language• Date• Etc.
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5.5 Uniform Title, continued
Original title or Title most frequently found in manifestations
of the work or Commonly used title in language and script
of catalogue
Still under discussion: Always add language and date.
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6. Authority Records Construct to control authorized forms of
names and references used as access points• Persons• Families• Corporate bodies• Works, expressions, manifestations, items• Concepts• Objects• Events• Places
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7. Foundations for Search Capabilities 7.1 Search and Retrieval
• Access points
1) provide reliable retrieval of bibliographic, authority records and associated bibliographic resources and
2) limit search results
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7.1.1 Searching Devices
Names, titles, and subjects searchable and retrievable by any device, e.g.,• Full forms of names• Key words• Phrases• Truncation• Etc.
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7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points
Base on main attributes and relationships of each entity
For bibliographic record:• Name of creator or first named creator when >1• Title proper or supplied title for manifestation• Year(s) of publication or issuance• Uniform title of work/expression• Subject headings, subject terms• Classification numbers• Standard numbers, identifiers, “key titles”
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7.1.2 Indispensable Access Points
For authority records:• Authorized name or title of the entity• Variant forms of name or title for the entity
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7.1.3 Additional Access Points
For bibliographic record, e.g.,• Names of additional creators beyond first• Names of performers, families, or corporate
bodies in other roles than creator• Parallel titles, caption titles, etc.• Uniform title of series• Bibliographic record identifiers• Language• Country of publication• Physical medium
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7.1.3 Additional Access Points
For authority records, e.g.,• Names of titles of related entities• Authority record identifiers
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Objectives for Construction of Cataloguing Codes Convenience of user Common usage Representation Accuracy Sufficiency and
necessity Significance Economy
Standardization Integration Defensible, not
arbitrary
If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution
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Next Steps Continue online discussion list (can subscribe
through the IME ICC Web site) Publish articles, give presentations, etc. to
share the proposals Contact and involve other information
communities (toward shared new vocabulary, concepts, and goals)
Continue worldwide review (continue regional meetings)
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Web Sites
Frankfurt meetinghttp://www.ddb.de/news/ifla_conf_index.htm
Buenos Aires meetinghttp://www.loc.gov/imeicc2
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Next Meetings 2005 Middle East (Cairo, Egypt) 2006 Asia (National Library of Korea,
Seoul) 2007 Africa
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Applications of conceptual model
FRBR is conceptual model No application is
prescribed Opportunities for the
future in new systems designs Greater connection
with a&i, digital aggregators
Keep user foremost in mind
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Thank you!