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Freedom of Religion
Civil Rights & Civil Liberties
Gov Unit 6
Ms. Ramos
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http://www.freemasonrywatch.org/pics/bill.of.rights.gif
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Bill of Rights
Why?
Who?
Civil Liberties:
Condition of ratification
James Madison
Basic individual rights Basic individual rights and freedoms and freedoms protected from protected from government violationgovernment violation
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Freedom of Religion
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• Establishment Clause • Congress shall Congress shall
make no law make no law respecting an respecting an establishment of a establishment of a religionreligion
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Religion & Schools• McCollum McCollum
v. Board v. Board of of Education Education 19481948
• Engel v. Engel v. Vitale Vitale 19621962
• Religious classes Religious classes cannot be school cannot be school sponsoredsponsored
• Officially sponsored Officially sponsored prayer in schools prayer in schools violates establishment violates establishment clauseclause
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• Equal Equal Access Access Act of Act of 19841984
• Release Time
• Allows all student Allows all student groups to use public groups to use public school buildings for school buildings for mtgnmtgn
• Allows students to leave class to attend religious sessions
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Government Aid to Religion
• Lemon v. Lemon v. Kurtzman Kurtzman – 1971 – 1971 (Lemon (Lemon test)test)
• Law must have secular, secular, nonreligious purposenonreligious purpose
• Neither advance nor Neither advance nor limit religionlimit religion
• Not result in excessive Not result in excessive gov involvement w/ gov involvement w/ religionreligion
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Taxes & Religion• Walz v. Tax Walz v. Tax
Commission Commission – 1970– 1970
• Tax exemptions help government help government take a neutral take a neutral approach approach
• Neither supporting Neither supporting it nor restricting itit nor restricting it
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• Custom & Religion
• Many US symbols and symbols and customs involve customs involve religionreligion
• Court has ruled these Court has ruled these do not support religion -do not support religion -they recognize they recognize Americans’ deeply held Americans’ deeply held beliefsbeliefs
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• Free Exercise Clause
• Reynolds v. US- 1879
• Right to believe as one wishes
• Prohibit bigamy