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FRENCH & INDIAN WAR
Was 1763 a “Turning Point” for British-Colonial Relations?
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North America in North America in 17501750
North America in North America in 17501750
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BritishBritish FrenchFrench
Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians
The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley
1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash
1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash
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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754“7 YEARS WAR”
• BRITAIN & PRUSSIA VS. FRANCE, SPAIN, AUSTRIA & RUSSIA
• FOUGHT IN NORTH AMERICA & EUROPE
• BLOODIEST BATTLES IN GERMANY
• NATIVES ON BOTH SIDES OF CONFLICT
• 1ST TIME COLONIALS ARE CALLED ON TO FIGHT
• FRANCE KEEPS MANY FORCES IN EUROPE
• CONSEQUENCES????
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ALBANY CONGRESS-1754
• Ben Franklin
• Immediate purpose—
• Long term purpose-
• Why isn’t it successful?
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BRITAIN EVICTS FRENCH FROM NORTH AMERICA
• What do the British fear?
• French (Arcadians/Cajuns) to Louisiana
• Attack in Ohio Valley & Canada
• British General Braddock wants to take Ft. Duquesne– Moved too slow; colonial militia unprepared– Braddock killed-----French/Indians Win
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BRITISH STRATEGY OF 1756
• FULL SCALE INVASION OF CANADA
• WHY IS THIS UNSUCCESSFUL?
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British
• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.
• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.
• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.
• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.
• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.
• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.
• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.
• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.
• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.
• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.
Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:
MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:
MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:
Finances:Finances:
Demeanor:Demeanor:
British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions
Colonials
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WILLIAM PITT AS NEW LEADER IN LONDON 1757
• CHANGE OF STRATEGY
• UNDERSTAND COLONIAL CONCERNS
• RESULTS OF NEW STRATEGY– 1758-LOUISBURG FELL TO BRIT– 1759-QUEBEC FELL TO BRITISH– 1760-MONTREAL FELL TO BRITISH
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RESULTS OF CONFLICTTreaty of Paris 1763
• BRITAIN– FLORIDA FROM SPAIN– KEEPS FRENCH OUT OF
CANADA– EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO
CARIBBEAN SLAVE TRADE
– ECON INTEREST IN INDIA
– INCREASED DEBT– CONTEMPT FOR
COLONIALS
• FRANCE– LOSES CANADA, NEW
ORLEANS, WESTERN LA.
– SPAIN• GETS NEW ORLEANS
• TRANS-MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA
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IMPACT ON THE COLONIES
• POSITIVE– UNITE AGAINST A
COMMON ENEMY– MILITARY
EXPERIENCE
• NEGATIVE– CONTEMPT FOR
BRITISH CONTROL
– WORSE RELATIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
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PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS
• PROBLEMS• Why do natives attack?• Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763
• SOLUTIONS• 1-BLANKETS WITH SMALL POX• 2-LONG TERM---
– PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763
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Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)
Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)
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North America in North America in 17631763
North America in North America in 17631763