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Friday, 12 SeptemberChapter 11 The Endocrine System
• Classes of hormones• The adrenal gland• Fates of hormones• RAA system• -------------------------------• Hypothalamus-Pituitary System• Hormone interactions• Control of hormone secretion• Categories of endocrine disorders
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Endocrine Organs (Table 11-1)
• Pituitary Gland• Thyroid Gland• Pancreas• Gonads• Gastrointestinal Tract• Heart• Kidney• Hypothalamus• Liver• Etc.
Hormone: chemical messengerscarried by blood to target cells
upon which they act.
Only those cells having receptorsCan respond to a given hormone
Hormone
Paracrine agent
Autocrine agent
Neurotransmitter
Neuromodulator
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3 Chemical Classes of Hormones
• 1: Amine hormones (from amino acid tyrosine)– Thyroid hormones – Adrenal medullary hormones (catecholamines)
• 2: Peptide hormones (peptides & proteins)• 3: Steroid Hormones (derivatives of cholesterol)
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Fig. 11.01
Catecholaminessoluble in plasma
ThyroidHormones Not soluble in plasma, bound & free
AmineHormones
Adrenalmedulla
NT
NT
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Fig. 11.02Peptide Hormones
Examples:Insulin, glucagonprolactin, erythropoietin,parathyroid hormone,gastrin, leptin, growth hormone,oxytocin, vasopressin,FSH, LH, GHRH, andmany more!
Cell surface receptors on target cells
Guess peptide!
Soluble in plasma
e.g.Beta cell
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Fig. 11.03Steroid hormones
not soluble in plasma, not storable in vesicles
Target cells have intracellular receptors,Commonly changes is gene expression
Timecourse?
Bound & Free
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Questions so far?
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Know Table 11-2 p 323
• Hormone class
• Major form in plasma
• Location of receptors
• Signal transduction mechanisms
• Rate of excretion / metabolism
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Fig. 11.05
Adrenal Gland
Part of Sympathetic Nervous System
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Adrenal Medullary Hormones• Adrenal medulla is modified sympathetic ganglion• Catecholamines: EPI (80-85%), NE (15-20%)• Short half-life in plasma (soluble)• Receptors on surface of target cells (adrenergic) • Effects response to stress• Effects generally prepare for “Fight or Flight”
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Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
Glucocorticoids
Mineralicorticoid
Androgens
DHEA
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Fig. 11.06Gonadal Steroids(not adrenal cortex)