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From information ethics to The ethics of everything:
A reflection on how the question of ‘What is Information’ shaped my thinking about information ethics
Johannes Britz
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1990
It all started way back in…
Rational: •Information law •My own background
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Traditional information paradigm “Information is content that is being communicated between sender and receiver”
Shannon /Weaver model
Ethical issues
Generation use
gather
organize store
retrieve
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Information Ethics 1 – 3rd year (later up to PhD)
Normative ethics/applied ethics
Descriptive ethics
Ethics – branch of philosophy
Deontological approach
Rule utilarism
Individual Professional social
? good
bad
Customs Culture Religion Law Ethical decision- making
papa Neutrality
Freedom human rights Code of conduct
Norms/values
Meta ethics
Librarian/information professional Computer scientist
Informatics
Life cycle of information
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Reach & Richness
Numbers Customization Interactivity bandwidth
Reach & Richness
Customization Interactivity bandwidth
Numbers
From Information Ethics to the Ethics of Everything The new information paradigm - 1997
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i-school conference in 2006
Unbundle and a long tail = new information paradigm
Publishing industry
Banking industry
Education
Music industry
Retail
privacy (we become unbundled)
Access and accessibility
Social justice (Fed-Ex factor)
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2003
CEPE 2005 – Twente (Train-station discussion)
2001
Unbundled reality Manipulated Recreated Created Truth, meaning
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March 2003: During Irak war, the Los Angeles Times ran the photo on top on its front page on March 31
It was a composite of the two lower photos.
Manupilation
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Actors Who Died During Filming Philip Seymour Hoffman is the latest star to die while in the middle of shooting a film. Read how other movies dealt with losing a castmember.
Recreation of reality
Revenant
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Mental mistake? ICT replaces/100% more accurate than human senses
Example: Cricket
Second level of abstraction Quality of information and
truth
Google images
Match fixing ? Players, umpires of camera crew??
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Access to information – From to know to ‘to do’ Banking (etc) = Information based activity Right to participation - socio-economic and political right
Social exclusion marginalization
Information and object relationship
expectations…
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From the digital to the material
Access to information ….
Ownership - patents
Relationship between information and object
Economic model
Quality of information
2012
From the digital to the material UWM 2102
“I will email you a beer…”
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2013
From ‘to know’ to ‘to do’ to ‘to control’
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Big data is a simulacrum of reality…a representation of the world We ‘datafied’ the world
We ‘conquer’ the world by measuring it Then we move away from ‘causality’ to ‘correlation’ – our certainties
Taken away (Big Data, 2013)
Datafication: ‘It refers to taking information about all things under the sun – including ones we never use to think of as information at all, such as a person’s location, the vibrations of an engine, or the stress of a bridge – and transforming it into data format to make it quantifiable. This allows us to use the information in new ways such as in predictive analysis: Detecting that an engine is prone to a break-down based on the heat or vibrations that it produces. As a result, we can unlock the implicit, latent value of information’.
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‘Support’ (replace) human judgment Fallibility…human factor
Google images
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Uses FlyOnTime.us
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Google image
Sir Francis Bacon
Datafication = power ‘With the help of big data we will no longer regard our world as a string of happenings that we explain as natural or social phenomena, but as a universe comprised essentially of information’ (Big Data, p96)
Knowledge is power
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Datafication = power ?
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Juridical system: From probable cause to Probabilistic cause (p17)
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p 183 Big Data
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Security Using private and personal
information
Safety: Using private and personal
information
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Human rights can evolve over time…..based on evolving concerns and threats …are adaptable to new circumstances and digital technologies
State of being (free, educated, health…)
Ability to do and choose (to communicate, where to live, who to marry, private…
Legal arrangements are not necessarily needed Which interests are ‘urgent
interests’? Problem of proliferation of rights. ‘Overlapping consensus’ Rawls
Baseline protection instead of a moral ideal
Big data
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Google images
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Normative ethics/applied ethics
Descriptive ethics
Ethics – branch of philosophy
Deontological approach
Rule utilarism
Individual professional social
? good
bad
Customs Culture Religion Law Ethical decision- making
c u g s r papa
Neutrality
Freedom human rights Code of conduct
Norms/values
Meta ethics
Library deontology - information ethics – ethics of
everything
Truth Care Social justice Evolving human rights
Redefine I-R relationship
Re-interpretation
Flattening of the world
1997
2003
2012
2015
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1990 – 2016…and going: It is a journey worthwhile
Contribution to African Continent
Met many colleagues and made friends
Open doors -career
Guide me professionally (data driven university, digital future, ethics etc)