Download - Fruit and Seed Dispersal PDF
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Seeds are mature or ripened ovules. It has seed coat (testa and tegmen), reserved food, and the embryo.
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Palay grains – monocot seed
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Two types according to reserved nutrients
Endospermic – with reserved endosperm also called albuminous.
Non- endospermic(Exalbuminous)
food reserved in cotyledon
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Seed types according to the number of cotyledons
Monocot seed –with one cotyledon called “scutellum”– an absorptive cotyledon.
Dicot seed –
with two cotyledons
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FRUIT AND SEED DISPERSAL
Transfer of fruits and seeds from one place to another by themselves or by external agencies.
Two types of dispersal mechanisms
by itself - Autochory External – through several
agents like water, wind, animals.
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External Agencies Water – hydrochory Animal – zoochory
attached to animal –epizoochory
eaten by animals –endozoochory
birds- ornithochory mammals –
mammaliochory bats – chiropterochory ants – myrmechory
Wind – anemochory
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Blowing In The Wind
Seeds & Fruits Dispersed
By Wind
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Squirrel-Tail Grass. The long awns function like the
parachute bristles (pappus) of composites.
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Fuzzy brown cattail spikes (Typha latifolia)
contain dense masses of tiny seeds.
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The remarkable winged seed of the tropical
Asian climbing gourd Alsomitra macrocarpa..
Seeds of kalachuchi, malunggay,
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Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).
The slightest gust of wind catches the elaborate
crown of plumose hairs, raising and propelling
each seed-bearing achene into the air like a
parachute.
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Calyx modified into plumes
dandelions
Wings on pericarp
Thumble weeds
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The quipo tree (Cavanillesia platanifolia),
a remarkable rain forest tree in the bombax
family (Bombacaceae) with huge winged
fruits.
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Parachute seeds (plumose seeds) escaping
from the follicle of Nerium oleander. The crown
of silky hairs arises directly from the top of the
seed (not on an umbrella-like stalk.
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An interesting one-seeded winged fruit that
spins as it falls through the air. It is called
"whirling nut“.
Gyrocarpus in the gyrocarpus family
(Gyrocarpaceae).
Helicopters
(Whirlybirds)
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Spinning fruits from Thailand. The
species ID of these fruits would be
greatly appreciated.
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Sailing in the water
Fruit and Seeds dispersed by Water
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Lotus fruit – spongy receptacle
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Coconut fruit – impervious and buoyant pericarp
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Traveling with animals
Fruit and seeds dispersed by animals
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Devil’s claw fruit catches on the legs of animals
epizoochory
Seeds that produce elaiosomes, oil bodies that attract ants, which disperse the seeds
while eating the elaiosomes as food.
(myremechory)
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Thowhorn fruit – spiny fruits
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Fruit with barbs, awns and spikes that get
entangled in fur of animals
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Barbs or hooks that stick to the fur of animals
Cocklebur fruits are well known to hikers.
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Endozoochory – seeds pass through animal’s digestive system, aids in
germination
Raspberries fruits
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Edible but indigestible seeds– tomato, water melon, aratiles, santol
Unedible seeds –ampalaya, papaya, bell pepper, squash,
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Thank you and good day
Ross D. Vasquez