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Converged In-Building Networks using POF – Economics and Advanced Techniques
Ton (A.M.J.) Koonen, Henrie van den Boom, Hejie Yang, Chigo Okonkwo, Solomon Abraha, Eduward Tangdiongga
COBRA Institute, Eindhoven Univ. of Technology, The NetherlandsEduardo Ortego Martinez
Telefonica I+D, SpainJosef Faller
Homefibre, Austria
e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
Workshop “From FTTH to FITH – Complementary and Convergent In-Building Networks”in conjunction with FTTH Conference, Milano, Feb. 8, 2011
COBRA
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The ALPHA project
ALPHA – Architectures for fLexible Photonic Home and Access networks FP7 Integrated Project, part of the ICT programme Jan. 1, 2008, to March 31, 2011 Key focus: PHY (optical fibre) (+ MAC + IP) Budget: 16.5 M€ (ca 60 persons full- and part-time) 17 partners from 10 European countries: Industry
Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs (F)Andrew Wireless (I)3S Photonics (F)HomeFibre (A)Telsey (I)Luceat (I)
OperatorsFrance Telecom R&D (F)Telefonica I+D (E)Telekom Polska (PL)
Research InstitutesAcreo (S)IBBT (B)
UniversitiesBangor Univ. (UK)Bologna Univ. (I)DTU (DK)Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (NL)Torino, Politecnico di – (I)Valencia, Univ. Politecnica de – (E)
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Outline
Integration of services in in-building networks In-building network architectures Modelling of network costs Comparing the costs of network solutions Evolution of network costs Advanced techniques for wired and wireless service delivery Conclusions and roadmap
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Today’s in-home networks
A variety of networks: Twisted pair copper lines:
Telephone, fax, … Coaxial copper lines:
CATV, videorec, radio, … Cat-5 cables:
PC-s, routers, hubs, printers, servers, …
Wireless LAN:Laptops, PDAs, …
Infrared:remote control TV/videorec/radio/…
PC
(HD)TV
mobilelaptop
Tel.
faxprint PDA
mp3 download
TP
Cat-5coax
Mobile network(GSM, UMTS, …)
CATV
WiFirouter
Tel.Coax Cable networkTwisted Pair network
Satellite dish/FWA dish
Optical Fibre networkONU
Complicates maintenance, upgrading, running of services on multiple platforms, interaction of services, …
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Converged in-home network: with fibre
Converged in-homebackbone network,integrating wired &wireless services reduces installation and
maintenance efforts eases introduction and
upgrading of services integration e.g. by WDM
RG
PCHDTVmobile
laptop
VoIP
faxprint PDA
mp3 download
Satellite dish/FWA dish
optical fibre
optical fibre
webcam
converged in-home network on POF
coax
POF
SMF
Optical Fibre network
Mobile network(GSM, UMTS, …)
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Wired network architecture options
also hybrid architectures cabling
- copper: CAT-5E, coax, power lines - fibre: large-core SI-POF/GI-POF, silica GI-MMF, silica SMF
max. reach fast Ethernet: POF typ. 70m, Cat-5E 100m, MMF 550m→ increase coverage by centralising the HCC: e.g., star-tree
opaque (with OEO conversions), or all-optical (with power splitting and/or λ-routing) the architectures may be compared re installation costs, operation costs, and
functionality
1 2 N
1 2 N
1 2 Naccessnetw.
1
2
M
HCC
1 2 N1 2 N
1 2 N
1 2 Naccessnetw.
1
2
M
HCC
1 2 N
1 2 N
1 2 NHCCaccess
netw.
1
2
M1 2 N1 2 N
1 2 N1 2 N
1 2 NHCCaccess
netw.
1
2
M1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N
1 2 Naccessnetw.
1
2
M1 2 N1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N1 2 N
1 2 N1 2 Naccessnetw.
1
2
M
P2P bus treeHCC=home communication controller, gateway
1 2 3
31
2
3 N
N
1 2 3M N
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 N
accessnetw.
star – tree
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Cost modelling of architectures
Bus
1 2 N
1 2 N
1 2 NHCCaccessnetw.
1
2
M
H
L
Cable length)1(
21+⋅⋅+⋅⋅=+⋅⋅= ∑
=
MMHLNMHmLNMFM
m
Duct costs)1()( pLNMMpHMD ⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅=
Number of OEO hubsNMT ⋅=
Number of connectorsNMNMNMMC ⋅⋅=⋅+−⋅⋅+⋅= 3)1(22
Number of media convertersNMNMMMC ⋅⋅=−⋅⋅+⋅= 2)1(22
p(M) = duct costs per unit length for duct containing M cables
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
No. of cables
Du
ct c
ost
s (E
uro
/m)
CAT-5E POF MMF CAT-5Eapprox.
MMFapprox.
POFapprox.
costs of buried ducts
Cable diameters:• CAT-5E 5 mm• MMF/SMF 2.5 mm • POF 2 mm
Cat-5E
MMF
POF
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Cost items used in the analysis
Cat-5E POF SMF MMF Installed cable costs 1.8 €/m 1.7 €/m 1.74 €/m 1.95 €/m
Max. link length 100 m 70 m 1000 m 550 m
Mounted connector costs 13 € 3 € 15 € * 14 € *
Media converter costs; power consumption (negligible); 0.65 W 30 €; 0,85 W 70 €; 1.15 W 40 €; 1.15 W
Hub/tap costs; power consumption 20 €; 0.2 W 20 €; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W 20€; 0.2 W
Switch costs, power consumption 10 €/port; 0.3 W/port
10€/port; 0.3 W/port
10 €/port; 0.3 W/port
10 €/port; 0.3 W/port
* these prices vary considerably for the various connector types and their mounting methods; we assumed SC connectors, and about 10 minutes in-field mounting time per connector (labour costs about 10€)
1 mm
Duplex POF Cat-5E
(based on market price surveys)
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Building scenarios
Home Office MDU
M N H (m) L (m)3 4 3.3 8
M N H (m) L (m)10 50 3.8 10
M N H (m) L (m)10 16 4 14
1 2 N 1
2
M 1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N
1 2 N access netw .
1
2
M 1 2 N 1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N 1 2 N
1 2 N .
H
L
P2P
1 2 N
1 2 N
1 2 N HCC access netw .
1
2
M
H
1 2 N 1 2 N
1 2 N 1 2 N
1 2 N HCC .
1
2
M
H
L
Bus
1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N
1 2 N access netw .
1
2
M
H
L
1 2 N 1 2 N
HCC
1 2 N 1 2 N
1 2 N .
H
L
Tree
Star-TreeStar-P2P
1 2 3
3 1
2
3
H
L
N
N
1 2 3 M N
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 N
access netw .
1 2 3
3 1
2
3
H
L
N
N
1 2 3 M N
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 N
access netw .
1 2 3
3 1
2
3
H
L
N
N
1 2 3 M N
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 N
access netw .
1 2 3
3 1
2
3
H
L
N
N
1 2 3 M N
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 N
access netw
3 1
2
3
L
N
3 M
N
1 2
3 N
access netw .
3 N
1 2
1 2
1 2
HCC
3 1
2
3
H
L
N
3 M
N
1 2
3 N
access netw .
3 N
1 2
1 2
1 2
HCC
Star-Bus
Basic topologies
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Residential home, M=3 floors
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of rooms/floor
Av.
inst
all.
cost
s/ro
om (E
uro)
Bus CAT-5ETreeP2PBus duplex POFTreeP2PBus SMFTreeP2PBus MMFTreeP2Pstar-P2P duplex POFstar-bus duplex POFstar-tree duplex POFstar-P2P CAT-5Estar-bus CAT-5Estar-tree CAT-5E
CAPEX
buried ducts CAPEX and OPEX per room CAPEX: - is a bit lower with on-the-wall ducts
- for small buildings, P2P topology attractive- for large buildings, cable-lean P2MP bus or star-bus topologies
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of rooms/floor
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion/
room
(W)
OPEX
OPEX: - lowest with P2P and star-P2P- for large buildings, tree and star-tree more efficient than bus and star-bus
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Residential home, 3 floors, 4 rooms/floor- duct sharing with AC power lines
Duplex POF competitive with CAT-5E (when duct sharing)
No duct sharing Duct sharing
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
bus topology buried ducts
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Office building, 10 floors, 50 rooms/floor
Bus
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
Tree
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
P2P
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
On-the-wall ducts
Bus
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
Tree
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
P2P
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
CAT-5E CAT-5Estar
simplexPOF
duplexPOF
duplexPOFstar
SMF MMF
Av. i
nsta
ll. c
osts
/room
(Eur
o)
duct cable devices conn. mediac.
Buried ducts
Bus topology attractive for large buildings (most cable-lean)
bus tree P2P
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POF Home network installation (by Homefibre)
Cat 55 Connectionspre-installed
POF10 Connections
pre-installed
POF – ALL IP40 Connections
pre-installed
Investition für die Netzwerk Vorverkabelung einer Wohnung/eines Hauses
630,00 €
111,00 €
372,00 €
0,00 €
100,00 €
200,00 €
300,00 €
400,00 €
500,00 €
600,00 €
700,00 €
S-01 Cat5 x 5 imeigenen Rohr
S-02 POF x 5 mitElektroinstallation
S-03 POF x 20 mitElektroinst.
Eur
o
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POF Home network installation (by Homefibre)
= POF Wall Outlet with integrated Switch
= Wall Outlet – prepared with POF Cable
= Distribution Cabinet and POF Switch
= POF – SI Cable (e.g. RH 4002) inCombination with electrical wiring installation
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Techno-economics - evolution
Today’s analysis: used today’s market prices for the various network infrastructure elements
Extrapolation into the future:
- labour costs: will increase due to inflation; NPV* may stay constant (unless productivity gets higher by better tools)
- product unit costs: will decrease due to growing market volumes, which will more than outweigh the increase due to inflation; NPV will decrease(but may increase for copper, due to scarcity)
- energy consumption: costs will increase due to inflation, due to rising prices of primary energy sources (oil, gas, coal), and rising (CO2-related) taxes; NPV will increase
Impact on CAPEX and OPEX of the various topologies is to be studied
Network costs over its lifetime are minimized by optimizing CAPEX and OPEX jointly
* NPV = net present value
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Techno-economics - evolution
CAPEX of cable-rich topologies (tree, P2P) will come down w.r.t. the cable-lean bus topology
OPEX is minimum for passively-split (optically transparent) network
OPEX of opaque networks will rise; is found to be lowest for P2P, followed by tree
When optimizing CAPEX + lifetime-accumulated OPEX, and taking into account economic lifetime, for opaque networks the tree topology (or P2P for smaller buildings) may become equally attractive as (/more attractive than) the bus.
* NPV = net present value
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Trendline example: P2P network with POF, residential home, M=3 floors, N=4 rooms/floor, duct sharing
Input data: in year 0: per room material costs 70€, labour 40€, power consumption 1.7W,
energy price 0.1 €/kWh inflation 2% p.y. ; product unit costs -5% p.y., economic lifetime 25 years power consumption is a decision factor of increasing importance
Costs of POF network per room over its lifetime, when installed in year x :
Network costs per room
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
year x
tota
l cos
ts (E
uro)
energy
labour
material
NPV network costs per room
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
year x
tota
l cos
ts (N
PV; i
n Eu
ro)
energy
labour
material
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Roadmap for in-building networks
separate networks
Twisted Pair, coax,
Cat-5E PLC,
WLAN,…
integrated network
Home: P2P,
POF, IPLarge building:
P2P, MMF, SMF
integrated network
P2MP, opaque,
IP-based, POF/MMF/SMF;
+ RoF (bypassing opaque nodes)
integrated network
P2MP,all-optical,
transparent, SMF, fixed
integrated network
P2MP, all-optical,
transparent, SMF,
dyn. routed
now medium term long term
+1 year +5 +100
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Concluding remarks
After fiber has brought high capacity to the home, in-home fiber networks are needed to deliver it to the user.
A single in-home fiber network can be the universal backbone for delivery of wired and wireless services.
Large-core Polymer Optical Fiber is already cost-competitive with Cat-5E and other cabling solutions, in particular when deploying duct sharing.
Advanced modulation techniques allow high data rates over POF: DMT for multi-Gbit/s wired services, and UWB radio-over-POF for wireless services.
Next, flexible optical routing can provide reconfigurable inter-room communication, capacity-on-demand, and energy savings.The partial funding of this work by the EC in the FP7 projects ALPHA, POF-PLUS and BONE is gratefully acknowledged.
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Concluding remarks
Thank you
on behalf of the
ALPHA project team
