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Free Communications, Poster Presentations: Lower Extremity Function
Friday,June19,2009,8:00AM-11 : 30A M,Paik ViewLobby,ConcourseLevel;authors present 10 : 30A M-11 :30AM
H i p F l ex i b i l i t y A n d S t ren g t h
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s I n S e m i - P r o f e s s i o n a l
A n d C o l l eg i a t e I ce H ock ey A t h l e t e s
Gordon JR, Laudner KG, Brayf i e ld P ,
M oor e S D , M cL od a T A , M cC aw S ;
I l l i noi s Sta t e Univer s i ty , Normal , IL
Context: Ice hockey differs from many spwrts
due to the extreme tri-planar motion that occurs
at the hip joint during the skate stride. This
functional difference, as well as the large forces
and repetitive nature of skating may affect the
hip r ange of mot ion (ROM) and s t r ength
pat terns of ice hock ey athletes . How ever ,
cur r ent ly there ar e no data compar ing the
functional hip ROM and strength characteristics
of hockey players to individuals with no ice
hockey experience.
Objective:
To determine if
the hip RO M and strength of ice hockey athletes
differ in the three planes of motion as compared
to controls . D es i gn : Descr ipt ive s tat is t ics .
Sett ing: University biomechanics laboratory
and var ious a th l e t i c t r a in ing f ac i l i t i es .
Participants: For ty eight male par t icipants ,
including 27 semi-professional an d collegiate ice
hockey p l ay e r s ( age= 21 . 0+ 2 . 7 y r s ,
he i gh t = l 79 . 4 5 . 8 cm , m as s = 83 . 3 7 . 8 kg ,
exper ience=3.7 2.5 yrs) and 21 col legiate,
r ecreat ional ly ac t ive cont rol par t i c ipant s
( age= 21 . 7+ 1 . 2 y r s , he i gh t = 182 . 8 7 . 7 cm ,
mass=85.2l6.3 kg) volunteered to participate.
All participants had no recent history (within 6
months) of hip or knee injtuy and no history of
hip or kn ee surgery. Interventions:Hip ROM
was assessed using the Pro Digital Inclinometer
(SPI-Tronic, Garden G rove, CA). Hip strength
was measured us ing the Lafayet t e Manual
Muscle Test System hand held dynamometer
(Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN). The peak
foree created during three isometric contractions
was divided by each participant's body weight
to calculate peak foree as a percentage of their
ind ividual body weight (%B W) . Mul t ip l e
unpaired t-tests w ere u.sed for statistical analysis
with an applied Bonferonni correction (P
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D i f f e r e nc e s I n H i p S t r e ngt h A m ong
Individual s With Di f f erent Arch
H e i g h t s
Ear l JE , Baze t t - Jones DM, Josh i M,
Cobb SC: Unive rs i ty o f Wiscons in -
M i l w a u k e e , M i l w a u k e e , W l
C ont e x t : Foot s tructure, part icularly arch
height, and weak hip musculature hav e both been
linked to lower extremity (LE) injuries. It is
possible that foot anatomical structure influences
the strength of the proximal hip musculature,
particularly in the frontal and transverse planes.
However, the relationship between hip strength
and arch height has never been investigated.
Objective: To determine if differences in hip
strength exist among individuals with low, typical,
and high arch height foot structures. Design:
Sing le - sess ion , c ross sec t iona l . Se t t i ng :
Neuromechanics laboratory.
Patients or Other
Par t i c ipants :
A convenience sample of 74
healthy, college-aged participants (29 men, 45
women; age=22,6+4,8, mass =70,213,4 kg,
height=l,68+0,11 m) were tested bilaterally to
create an n=148 feet. Interventions: A hand-
held dynamometer and immovable straps were
used to determine the maximal voluntary
isometric contraction for hip flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction, and intemal and extemal
rotation. Peak strength (force, N) w as norm alized
using an allometric normalization technique
[force/(mass '' ')]. Foot structure was assessed
via the Digital Photographic Measurement
Method using the Arch Index (AI) technique
during 90% weight bearing. Participants were
categorized into the low or high arch groups if
their AI was one standard deviation below, or
above the group mean, respectively. M ai n
Outcome Measures:The independent variable
was areh height group (low n =26, typical n=100,
high n=22), dependent variables were norm alized
peak strength of hipflexion,extension, abduction,
adduction, and intemal and extemalrotation.Data
were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with
Tukey post-hoc analyses, p25 miles/week, and no concurrent
lower extremity injury. Runners were chosen
because of the high incidence of lower extremity
injury in this group. Interventions: Surface
EMG data were collected from the gluteus
mdius (GMed), tensor fascia la tae (TFL),
anterior hip flexors (AHF) and gluteus ma ximus
(GMax) of the dominant (kicking) leg during a
maximal vo lun ta ry i somet r ic con t rac t ion
(MVIC), and during each of the three exercises
with a cuff weight resistance equal to 5% body
mass. The Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback unit
was placed beneath the participant's trunk to
provide feedback on trunk position.
M ai n
Outcome Measures: Peak root mean square
(RMS ) for each exercise was normalized to peak
RMS during the MVIC, and the dependent
va r iab le was % MVIC, The independen t
v a r i a b l e s w e r e e x e r c i s e ( A B D , A B D E R ,
C L A M ) a n d m u s c l e ( G M e d , T F L , A H F ,
GMa x). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA
and Tukey's post hoc testing were conducted,
p < , 0 5 .
R e s u l t s : There was a s ignif icant
in te rac t ion be tween exerc i se and musc le
p
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(COP) and peak impulse (PI) values to be
measured during this dynamic activity.
Main
Outcome Measures:
CO P and PI mean values
were computed lom all three trials for subjects
under the fatigued and not fatigued conditions.
Resul t s :
Subject CO P was a s ignificant ly
decreased following the fatigue protocol
t 14)
=
-7.508,
P < .001). Non-fatigued m ean CO P w as
2.160.511cm while fa t igue measures were
2.946.538 cm. PI measurem ents were likewise
decreased under the fatigue condition (t(14) =
-2.605, P = .021). Non-fatigued mean PI was
2868+1269N while fa t igue measures were
3539+977N.
Conclusions:
This study revealed
that fatigue significantly affected a person's ce nter
of pressure and force absorption during a single
leg bound. The se performance deficits could
predisp ose a fatigued athlete to injury. Th is
may indicate a need for balance and landing
training while under fatigued conditions.
T h e E f f ect O f A O n e- T i m e A b d om i n a l
M u s c l e T ra i n i n g S es s i on O n T h e
A b i l i t y T o C on t rac t T h e T ran s vers e
A b d o m i n u s I n L o w B a c k P a i n P a t i e n t s
Burs ton AM, Hammi l l RR, Beaze l l J ,
Sa l iba S , Har t JM, Inge r so l l CD:
Unive r s i ty o f Vi rg in ia , Cha r lo t t e sv i l l e ,
VA, and Un ive r s i ty o f Nor th Ca ro l ina
a t Cha r lo t t e , Cha r lo t t e , NC
Context:
Real-time ultrasound (RTUS ) has been
shown to be a reliable way of measuring muscle
activation in the transverse abdominus muscle
(TrA). TrA thickness changes, as measured using
RTU S, directly correlates with activation. Long-
term core stability program s have been beneficial
in improving activation of the TrA in individuals
wi th LBP. Some c l in ic i ans be l i eve tha t
improvements in TrA activation can be made in
as little as one training session, although no
ev idence ex i s t s to suppor t these c l a ims .
Object ive:
The purpose of this study was to
detenn ine the effect of a one-tim e core stability
training session on TrA muscle thickness in
peop le wi th LBP.
D e s i g n :
R a n d o m i z e d
controlled trial
Setting;
Physical therapy clinic.
Patients or Other Participants.
20 patients (6
m a l e s , 1 4 f e m a l e s ; h e i g h t = 1 7 0 1 0 c m ,
mass=8226 kg, age=36+14 yrs) with LBP
who were r e fe r r ed fo r phys ica l the rapy
vo lun tee red to pa r t i c ipa te in th i s s tudy .
I n t erven t i on s ) :
Sub jec t s were r andomly
assigned to a training
n=9)
or non-training (n= 11 )
group. Individuals
in the
training group were taken
through a 45 minute core stability exercise
program while those in the non-training group
sat for 45 minutes. RTUS images of the TrA
were taken of the right TrA in the hook lying
(rest) posi t ion and while the pat ient was
performing a straight leg raise with the right leg.
Images were taken before and after the subject's
t r ea tmen t in t e rven t ion .
M a i n O u t c o m e
Measures:
Changes in TrA muscle thickness
across time and between groups;were measured
us ing a 2x2 r epea ted measu res ANOVAl
Measurements were captured before a therapy
0.73-0.77) Main Outcome Measures:
Dependent variables included the difference in
th IPAQ scores (METs) for walking, moderate
activity, vigorous activity, and total activity from
session and then immediately after.
Results:
pre-injury to 12 niont hs po.st injury for subjects
Mea n chang e scores at pretesting for the training
and control groups were 0.0587+0.1934 cm and
0.0506+0.0516 cm, respectively, compared to
posttesting scores of 0.08170.1374 cm and
0.0227+0.0751 cm. Statistical arialysis showed
no s ign i f i can t g roup by t ime in te rac t ion
(F |I j= 1.541, P=0.230 ) or main ej ec ts for group
(F,'1^=0.438, P=0.517) or time (F, ,^=0.014',
P=.9O7).
Conclusions:
Based on our data, we
conclude that one session of core stability
exereises is not sufficient to affect the ability oi"
patients with low back pain to contract their
TrA muscle with lower extreniity movement
any better than a control group. We do not
support the clinical idea that improvements in
in each injury classification. Paired differences
were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
Test (p