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Cell Structure and Function
Essential Question: How can cell structure enable a cell to carry out basic life functions?
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Nucleus
Controls most cell processes
and is where the DNA is located.
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Chloroplast
Captures energy from the sun and
converts it into food.
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Cytoplasm
The liquid part of the cell in which other
organelles float.
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Ribosome
Free floating in the cytoplasm and are
responsible for protein synthesis.
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Mitochondrion
Converts chemical energy stored in the
food we eat into ATP energy.
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Cell wall
Found only in plants, the cell wall
provides much of the strength plants
need to stand against the forces of
gravity.
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Cell Membrane
Serves as a barrier and protects the
cell. It is made of a double layered
sheet called a lipid bilayer.
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Passive Transport
The movement of materials across the cell
membrane without using energy.
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Diffusion
The driving force behind the movement
of many substances across the cell
membrane.
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Facilitated Diffusion
Proteins in the lipid bilayer act as
channels for large molecules to pass
through the cell membrane.
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a
semipermeable membrane from
an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration.
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Active Transport
The movement of materials across the
cell membrane against a concentration
gradient and requires energy.
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How Osmosis Works
A - Isotonic Solution
B - Hypotonic Solution
C- Hypertonic Solution