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Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon FoundationAdditional support provided by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation
Available at: collegeart.org/fair-use
cmsimpact.org/fair-use
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Why fair use is important in the visual arts
Fair use: the basics
Why a code of best practices?
What’s in the CAA code
More support
What you can do
OVERVIEW
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
WHY IT MATTERS: 2014 CAA ISSUES REPORT
70% of respondents say they use copyrightedmaterial in doing their own work
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Museum uses
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Writing about art
Making art
Organizing documentation
Teaching about art
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“I found a suitable image online to illustrate my
article. Do I still need a license?”
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
FOR INSTANCE
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Can I use some photos I took of an artist’s work on my
online course site?”
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
AND
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“I’m making art from found images. Do I need to get permission to use them.”
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
AND
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“Can I use pictures from our exhibition in museum
publications?”
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
AND
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“Can we put our archival collection online?”
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
AND
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WHAT IS FAIR USE?
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
THE PURPOSE OFCOPYRIGHT
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
ONE PURPOSE:TO PROMOTE THE CREATION OF CULTURE
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
BY Rewarding creators with limited monopoly
Encouraging new makers to use existing culture
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Non-infringing, unauthorized use of copyrighted material—under some circumstances
FAIR USEBIGGEST BALANCING FEATURE
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
“FOUR FACTORS”
1. Purpose of the use
2. Kind of work used
3. Amount used
4. Effect on the market
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
• Judges balance interests in fair use analysis
• Supreme Court: Fair use promotes free speech
• Judicial interpretation has changed a lot since 1990
GOOD NEWS:
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
1. Is the use for a new “transformative purpose”? (in terms of context, audience, added insight, etc.)
2. Does it employ an appropriate amount to fulfill the transformative purpose?
JUDGES ASK:
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Custom and practice of individual creative communities…
… especially when well-documented
JUDGES ALSO CONSIDER:
Custom and practice of individual creative communities…
…especially when well-documented
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
WHY DON’T WE EMPLOY FAIR USE
MORE FULLY?
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
PERCEIVED RISK:
Legal trouble
Lost relationships
Bad publicity
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
WHAT’S THE BIGGEST PROBLEM?
1. Restrictive publishing contracts
2. High licensing fees
3. Difficulty of obtaining clearances
4. None of the above
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
SELF-CENSORSHIP
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
ASSESSING RISK? CONSIDER BOTH!
Legal risk associated with pursuing mission
Mission risk associated with failing to act
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CAA REPORT:
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
1/3 of the visual-arts community have avoided or abandoned work because of copyright concerns
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WE HAVE A PROBLEM…
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
SELF-
CENSORSHIPCopyrightHypercompliance
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENTBEGINS WITH KNOWING YOUR
RIGHTS
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
CODES OF BEST PRACTICES
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
CODES, IN FOUR STEPS:
1. Research discovers most common problems
2. Creative community discusses terms of fair use
3. Consensus synthesized
4. Lawyers check work
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
DOCUMENTARYFIMMAKERS
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
COMMUNICATIONSCHOLARS
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
POETS
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
LIBRARIANS
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
…AND MORE!
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
NOT LIKE FAIR USE “GUIDELINES”!
• A guide to reasoning, not a set of rules
• No arbitrary limits or metrics
• Based on professional consensus
• Not negotiated with copyright holders
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
INFORMED RISK ASSESSMENT BETTER PRACTICE
EXAMPLESDocumentary filmmakers: Fair use now gets insured
Librarians: Collections digitized
Scholars: New work published
Archivists: Digital exhibits online
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
University of Colorado, Boulder:YES to digital format shifting
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
DEVELOPING CAA’S CODE
Nationwide fact-finding
10 discussion sessions in 5 cities
Confidential meetings building consensus
Input from CAA Fair Use Task Force
Review by Legal Advisory Committee
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
SITUATIONS
Museum uses
Writing about art
Making art
Archives online
Teaching about art
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FOR EACH SITUATION IN THE CODE:
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Description
Principle
Limitations
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Use the Code
Tell a colleague
Tell a student
Tell a publisher
Find an endorser
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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MORE INFORMATION:
Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
THE CODES AND MUCH MORE
( VIDEOS! PRESENTATIONS! FAQS! )
cmsimpact.org/fair-usecollegeart.org/fair-use
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
FAIR USE
PracticeMakes
Practice
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Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Please feel free to share this presentation in its entirety.
For excerpting, kindly employthe principles of fair use.