Download - Fundus in clinical medicine
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Takayasu arteritisMikito takayasu – Japanese ophthalmologistHe reported the asssociation of retinal
arteriovenous anastamoses with absent upper extremity pulses
Chronic inflammatory disease of aorta and branches
Called as pulseless disease.
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Fundoscopic features1.Retinal hemorrhaghes2.Cotton wool exudates3.Venous dilatation and beading
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Takayasu arteritis
Cloudy retinal swellingBreak up of blood column in
arteryFundus findings
1.Microaneurysms2.Neovascular glaucoma3.Ischemic optic neuropathy4.Classic “wreath like” peripapillary arteriovenous anastamoses……….
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Behcets syndrome
Chronic , relapsing vasculitisNamed after Turkish dermatologistCharacterised by1.Recurrent aphthous ulcer2.Genital ulceration3.Arthalgia4.Recurrent uveitis and retinal vasculitis5.Skin lesions6.Positive pathergy test
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Behcets disease
The picture shows 1.Soft exudates2.Intraretinal hemorrhaghes1.Retinal infiltrates
2.Periphlebitis3.Occlusive disease4.Retinal vasculitis5.Optic disc vasculitis6.Chorioretinal scar
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SarcoidosisMultisystem granulomatous diseaseMost affected organs lungs skin eyeFrequency of ocular involvement 30 – 50 %
Pan uveitis is commonNodules are seen in conjuctiva, uvea and choroid
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sarcoidosis1.Snow ball vitreous opacities in sarcoid uveitis2.Periphlebitis3.Choroidal infiltrates4.Choroidal granuloma5.Retinal vasculitis , new vessels in optic disc6.Punched out chorioretinal lesions
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sarcoidosis1.Candle wax drippings2.Retinal sarcoid granuloma3.Granuloma in optic disc
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Giant cell arteritisAlso called as temporal arteritisInflammatory disease of large vsselsMean age of presentation 70 yrsRapidly progressing vision loss
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GCAOphthalmic , posterior choroidal arteries are commonly involved
Anterior Ischemic Optic neuropathyCommones t cause of vision loss
Choroidal infarcts can occur
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Vogt koyanagi harada syndromeUveo dermatological syndromeSystemic disease involving melanocyte containing
organsCharacterised by1.Bilateral uveitis2.Cutaneous3.Neurological4.Auditory abnormalities
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VKH syndrome1.Sunset glow fundus2.Multiple retinal detachment3.Dalen Fuchs nodules in choroid4.Subretinal fibrosis
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Neurodegenrerative disease with specific fundus findings
1.Freidrichs ataxia2.Spinocerebellar ataxia3.Inherited mitochondrial diseasesMetabolic diseases1.Niemann Picks disease2.Tay Sachs
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Friedrichs ataxiaInherited diseaseProgressive neurological illness involving cortico spinal tract, posterior columnRetinitis pigmentosaDeafnessdilated cardiomyopathyPes cavusAutosomal recessive
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Mitochondrial disease1.Kearns Sayre disease2.MELAS3.Mitochondrial myopathiesLebers hereditary optic neuropathyNeuropathy, ataxia retinitis PigmentosaLeighs syndrome
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Cherry red spot in fundus1.Tay sachs disease2.Niemann Picks 3.CRVO4.CRAO5.Sandhoffs disease6.Sialidosis7.Gauchers
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Optic neuritisMost common etiology
Multiple sclerosis
Loss of colour vision is the earliest manifestation
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Papilledema
1.Meningitis, Encephalitis2.Venous sinus thromb osis3.Tumours4.Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension
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Others……..
Purtshners retinopathySickle cell retinopathyRoth spotsLeopard spot fundus
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Purtschners retinopathy
Caused in1.Acute pancreatitis2.Lymphoma3.Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Due to, Microvascular damage with occlusion And Ischemia of retinal vessels
Multiple white retinal patches
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Roth spots
1.Infective endocarditis2.Severe anaemia3.Leukemia
Leopard spot fundus
leukemia
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Sickle cell retinopathy
Tractional retinal detachment
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Phacomatoses1.Von hippel lindau syndrome2.Tuberous sclerosis3.Neurofibroma
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Tuberous sclerosisAdenoma sebaceumEpilepsyGiant cell astrocytoma
Fundus
Retinal hamartoma are common
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Von Hippel LindauRetinal hemangioblastoma can occur
Chromosome 3