Download - Gan - Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndromea.k.a metabolic syndrome X, cardiometabolic syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome and Reaven's syndrome
• Definition
• Etiology
Definition:
Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence 3/5 characteristic metabolic risk factors.
These metabolic factors are:
Large Waist Size
For men: 40 inches or largerFor women: 35 inches or larger
Cholesterol: High Triglycerides
Either 150 mg/dL or higher
or Using a cholesterol medicine
Cholesterol: Low Good Cholesterol (HDL)
Either For men: Less than 40 mg/dL
For women: Less than 50 mg/dLor
Using a cholesterol medicine
High Blood Pressure
Either Having blood pressure of 135/85 mm Hg or
greateror
Using a high blood pressure medicine
Blood Sugar: High Fasting Glucose Level
100 mg/dL or higher
Etiology:
Genetic factors often only influence each individual component of the syndrome. For example, family histories including type 2 diabetes (any insulin insensitivity), hypertension, coronary heart disease, and lipodystrophy (abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue).
Environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyle (greater than 4 hours of inactivity at a stretch daily) and progressive weight gain leading to obesity. Stress, results in a dysfunctional HPA-axis that results in high cortisol levels which results in raised glucose and insulin levels. This promotes visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia (high blood lipid) and hypertension.
Patient Factors: Higher in people older than age 50. Women, especially the post-menopausal. Smokers. Psychiatric patients (generally due to inability to control lifestyle and drug effects). Rheumatic diseases especially psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. High Carbohydrate Diet.