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GAS EXCHANGE
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GAS EXCHANGE
HOW DO WE REMEMBER ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES? H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R WHICH ONES HAVE WE DISCUSSED IN GREATER
DETAIL TO THIS POINT? NUTRITION & TRANSPORT
WHAT’S NEXT ON THE LIST? R = RESPIRATION
WHAT IS RESPIRATION? TWO TYPES CELLULAR RESPIRATION VS GAS EXCHANGE
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GAS EXCHANGE
CELLULAR RESPIRATION REMINDER
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GAS EXCHANGE
CELLULAR RESPIRATION REMINDER WHAT SUBSTANCE MUST BE PRESENT TO GO FROM
GLYCOLYSIS TO THE REACTIONS INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA??
OXYGEN!!!
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GAS EXCHANGE
NOW, LET’S TALK GAS EXCHANGE… GAS EXCHANGE
DEF THE PHYSICAL METHODS ORGANISMS HAVE FOR OBTAINING OXYGEN FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS, AND REMOVING EXCESS CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THEIR INSIDES
BECAUSE OF THIS OVERLAP WITH OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE, THE TERM RESPIRATION IS INCLUSIVE OF BOTH CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND GAS EXCHANGE, BUT THESE ARE TWO DIFFERENT PROCESSES!!
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GAS EXCHANGE
BECAUSE OF THE SMALL SIZE OF GASES, THEY CAN EASILY DIFFUSE THROUGH MEMBRANES; HOWEVER, THIS IS DEPENDENT ON TWO FACTORS MOIST MEMBRANES (RESPIRATORY SURFACES) DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
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GAS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATORY SURFACES THE SURFACE (BOUNDARY) THROUGH WHICH GAS
EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE
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GAS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATORY SURFACE MUST BE THIN-WALLED SO DIFFUSION ACROSS IT
CAN OCCUR RAPIDLY IT MUST BE MOIST BECAUSE THE OXYGEN AND
CARBON DIOXIDE MUST BE IN SOLUTION IT MUST BE IN CONTACT WITH A SOURCE OF
OXYGEN THAT EXISTS IN THE SURROUNDINGS IN MOST MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS, IT MUST BE
IN CONTACT WITH THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM THAT CARRIES DISSOLVED MATERIALS TO AND FROM THE CELLS OF THE ORGANISM
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN PROTISTS DO THEY NEED A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN PROTISTS THEY CAN RELY ON SIMPLE DIFFUSION ACROSS
THEIR CELL MEMBRANE. WHAT IS THE
RESPIRATORY SURFACEIN PROTISTS?
WHY MUST PROTISTSLIVE CONTINUOUSLY INWATER?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HYDRAS DO THEY NEED A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
WHY DON’T THEY NEEDA RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
HOW DOES THE OXYGEN ANDCARBON DIOXIDE MOVE IN AND OUT?
WHAT IS THE RESPIRATORYSURFACE OF THE HYDRA?
WHERE MUST HYDRASLIVE?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN THE EARTHWORM? DO EARTHWORMS HAVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? EVER WONDER WHY EARTHWORMS
ARE SO SLIMY? THEY SECRETE A SPECIAL MUCUS TO
CONSTANTLY KEEP THEIR SKINMOIST!! (HINT AT SOMETHING??)
THE SKIN IS THE RESPIRATORYSURFACE FOR THE EARTHWORM
WHY DO EARTHWORMS LIVE IN THE“EARTH”?
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IT RAINS?WHEN IT STOPS?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN THE EARTHWORM THE GASES DIFFUSE DIRECTLY
INTO/OUT OF THE BLOOD OF THE EARTHWORM (TURNING THE BLOOD RED)
WHY IS AN EARTHWORM’S BLOOD RED?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN THE GRASSHOPPER DO GRASSHOPPERS HAVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS? CAN THE SKIN BE THE RESPIRATORY
SURFACE? INSECT’S EXOSKELETONS ARE MADE OF
CHITIN…ANYONE REMEMBER WHATTHAT IS?
HOW DOES THE GAS GET IN? SPIRACLES + TRACHEAL TUBES + AIR SACS
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN THE GRASSHOPPER SPIRACLES
OPENINGS IN THE EXOSKELETON TO ALLOW GASES IN
TRACHEAL TUBES TUBES FOR THE GAS TO TRAVEL WITHIN
THE BODY THEY BRANCH AND TRAVEL THROUGHOUT
THE GRASSHOPPER BODY CARRYINGGAS DIRECTLY TO THE CELLS
AIR SACS BALLOON LIKE STRUCTURES THAT HELP
PUMP THE AIR IN AND OUT OF THE TUBES
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GAS EXCHANGE
HOW COME WE DON’T DO GAS EXCHANGE THROUGH OUR SKIN LIKE THE EARTHWORM, OR THROUGH SPIRACLES AND TUBES LIKE THE GRASSHOPPER? THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS WE NEED WAY MORE
OXYGEN THEN THESE SYSTEMS CAN PROVIDE…SO WE NEED A MORE COMPLEX SYSTEM
BEFORE HUMANS, THOUGH, JUST A QUICK NOTE ABOUT COMPLEX ANIMALS THAT LIVE IN WATER FULL TIME…EXAMPLES???
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GAS EXCHANGE
GILLS VERY SPECIAL
STRUCTURETHAT ALLOWSCERTAINANIMALSTO ABSORBOXYGENDISSOLVEDIN WATER
MUST STAYMOIST!!
WHAT HAPPENSWHEN WE PULL A FISH OUT OF WATER?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GILLS HAVE TREMENDOUS SURFACE AREA…WHY???
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS DO HUMANS HAVE A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? LET’S BREAK IT DOWN TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT
WORKS…
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS EXCHANGE PATHWAY
NOSE / NASAL CAVITY PHARYNX LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXHCHANGE IN HUMANS NOSE / NASAL CAVITY
AIR ENTERS HERE LINED WITH HAIR AND
MUCUS…WHY?? PHARYNX
THROAT NASAL AND ORAL CAVITY MEET HERE WHY CAN YOU BREATH
THROUGH YOUR MOUTH
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS LARYNX
VOICE BOX AIR RUSHING PASSED
MAKES CORDS VIBRATELIKE GUITAR STRINGS, CREATING SOUND
WHY DON’T YOU TALKWITH FOOD IN YOUR MOUTH??
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS TRACHEA
A.K.A. WIND-PIPE CONNECTION TO LUNGS
BRONCHI TRACHEA SPLITS IN TWO
TUBES, ONE FOR EACHLUNG
BRONCHIOLES BRONCHI SPLIT INTO MANY
TINY BRANCHES WHY DO YOU THINK IT IS
IMPORTANT TO HAVE MANYBRANCHES?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS ALVEOLI
TINY GRAPE LIKE SACSWHERE GAS EXCHANGEACTUALLY TAKES PLACE
SURROUNDED BYCAPILLARIES…WHY?
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS WHERE ARE THE LUNGS IN ALL OF THIS?
THE LUNGS ARE THE SACS THAT CONTAIN ALL OF THESE STRUCTURES
THEY ARE SURROUNDEDBY A SPECIAL MEMBRANE CALLED THEPLEURA
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS HOW DOES THE AIR GET IN AND OUT OF THE
LUNGS? BREATHING
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS BREATHING
DIAPHRAGM LONG FLAT
MUSCLE THAT CONTROLSINHALATION &EXHALATION
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS IN SUMMARY
BREATHING EXTERNAL RESPIRATION (GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNGS) INTERNAL RESPIRATION (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
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GAS EXCHANGE
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS DISORDERS/DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM ASTHMA BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA PNEUMONIA LUNG CANCER
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GAS EXCHANGE
RANDOM REVIEW QUESTION…HOW DO PLANTS PERFORM GAS EXCHANGE??
STOMATES & GUARD CELLS!!!
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GAS EXCHANGE
HARD TO BELIEVE, BUT WHEN YOU EXHALE THAT HAS SOMETHING IN COMMON WITH WHENYOU URINATE…
WHAT COULD THAT BE? COME BACK TO CLASS TO FIND OUT…EXCRETION IS NEXT!!