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GE Digital Energy
John D. McDonald, P.E.DirectorTechnical Strategy & Policy Development
United States Energy Association (USEA)Washington, DCFebruary 18, 2014
The “Smarter” Grid: Today vs. YesterdayConcepts, Solutions, Standards,
Policy, Recent Deployments and
Lessons Learned
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Smart Grid Concepts
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Smart Grid ViewThe integration of electrical and information infrastructures, and the incorporation of
automation and information technologies with our existing electrical network.
Comprehensive solutions that:
� Improve the utility’s power reliability, operational performance and overall
productivity
� Deliver increases in energy efficiencies and decreases in carbon emissions
� Empower consumers to manage their energy usage and save money without
compromising their lifestyle
� Optimize renewable energy integration and enabling broader penetration
That deliver meaningful, measurable
and sustainable benefits to the utility,
the consumer, the economy and the
Environment.
More Focus on the Distribution System
Electrical infrastructure
Information infrastructure
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Heavy Metal“ Generate & Deliver Power”
Control“How Power Flows”
Management“ Applications”
TransmissionAutomation
Gen & TransMgt.
Dist.Mgt.
Sensors Dist.Automation
AssetOptimization
Smart Grid Adds
Old Grid
Old Grid
• You call when the power goes out.
• Utility pays whatever it takes to meet peak demand.
• Difficult to manage high Wind and Solar penetration
• Cannot manage distributed generation safely.
• ~10% power loss in T&D
‘New Applications enabled by Additional Infrastructure’
Adv.Metering System
Enabled Consumers
Economic Dispatch
Smart Grid
• Utility knows power is out and usually restores it automatically.
• Utility suppresses demand at peak. Lowers cost. Reduces CAPEX.
• No problem with higher wind and solar penetration.
• Can manage distributed generation safely.
• Power Loss reduced by 2+%… lowers emissions & customer bills.
DemandOptimization
DeliveryOptimization
EnergyOptimization
Thermal Generation Lines
Sub Stations
DistEquipment
Renewable Generation
VoltageControl
A “Smarter” Grid Enabled Utility Managers
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Smart Grid Solutions
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Demand Optimization
Distribution Optimization
Asset Optimization
Transmission Optimization
Workforce & Engineering
Design Optimization
Smart Grid Holistic Solutions
Smart Meter
&
Comms
Shared Services & applications
Interoperability Framework
Transitioning from products/systems to holistic solutions
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Decision Engine
Monitoring & Diagnostics
Intelligent Sensors
Asset Optimization
Asset Optimization
Shared Services & applications
Reduce Capex and risk of failure by proactively monitoring critical assets to predict problems and prevent failures
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HA
N
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
EMS OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HA
N
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Transformer M&D
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
Model
MgrAsset Services
SecurityApps
BizToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Asset
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Asset OptimizationAsset Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Demand Optimization
Demand Optimization
Defer grid upgrades, optimize generation by managing peak via control of power consumption
Comms. (ISP)
DR Mgmt.
Software(DRMS)
In-Home
Enabling
Technology
Shared Services & Applications
Interoperability Framework
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HA
N
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HA
N
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
Router
DR Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Demand OptimizationDemand Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
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Smart Meter System
Smart Meter & Communication
MeteringCommunication
Network
Network
Management
System
(NMS)
Grid Data
Manager
Shared Services & applications
Interoperability Framework
Enabling technology for network connectivity, consumer enablement, demand optimization, and improved grid operations
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Consumers
HA
N
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
Office
HA
N
Router
Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter SystemsSmart Meter System OptimizationSmart Meter System Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
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Smart Meters/AMI Integration with GIS, OMS and DMSSmart Meters/AMI• Meter Readings• Voltage => DMS• Last Gasp Communication => OMS
GIS• Network Model Information => OMS, DMS
DMS• Status Changes => OMS
Customers• Phone Calls => OMS• Social Media => OMS
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Advance Distribution Applications
Substation Automation
Feeder Automation
Distribution Optimization
Distribution Optimization
Distribution Management
system
Adjacent Technology
Shared Services & applications
Interoperability Framework
Less energy waste and higher profit margin by reducing delivery losses in distribution system
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HA
N
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HA
N
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & Switches
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Distribution OptimizationDistribution Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Grid Management
Substation Management
Transmission Optimization
Transmission Optimization
Adjacent Technology
Shared Services & Applications
Improve return on assets, enhance electric reliability and raise situational awareness
Interoperability Framework
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HA
N
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
EMS OMSDMS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HA
N
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
Model
ServicesSecurity
AppsBiz
ToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Transmission OptimizationTransmission Optimization
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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WEDO
Workforce & Engr. Design Opt
T&DInfrastructureManagement
Workforce & Work order
Management
MobileComputing
CommsInfrastructureManagement
Shared Services & applications
Interoperability Framework
Increase productivity and reduce planning and design costs. Reduce miles driven and increase field crew productivity.
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Data
Residential,Commercial& Industrial
Substations
Consumers
HA
N
Real-Time Communications
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Smart Grid Base
BackhaulComms
NMS
SmartRouter
Internet
SmartMeter
Internet
Gateway
MDMS
Fir
ew
all
EMS OMSDMS GIS
Office
Devices
SmartRouter
UtilityOwned
Generation& Storage
Gen &Store
Distributed Energy Resource Manager
HA
N
StationController
OtherIEDs & I/O
Volt Reg, LTC, Caps
Apps
LocalHMI
Protection Relays
SmartRouter
Volt/VARDevices
Volt Reg & Caps
SmartRouter
Switches & Breakers
Reclosers & SwitchesPMU
Transformer M&D
Mobile
Router
OFR DPA DRIVVCFDIR WAMS Hist
MobileFFA
Model
MgrAsset Services
SecurityApps
BizToolsDesign
EnterpriseOperations Bus – Software Services Infrastructure
Workforce & Engr Design
Software Services Infra
Distribution
Optimized Solutions
Transmission
Smart Meter Systems
Demand
Asset
Wired/Wireless Substation Communications
Workforce & Engr. Design Opt.Workforce & Engr. Design Opt.
CommunicationsInfrastructure
MicrogridController
Generation& Storage
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Smart Grid Standards Development and Interoperability
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A Brief History
Nov. 2009 – Formation of SGIP
Jun. 2010 – Formation of SGFAC
Dec. 2011 – SGFAC Report to NIST
Dec. 2011 – NIST reports “curtailed funding” for SGIP in 2013
Apr. 2012 – Draft of SGIP 2.0 Business Sustainment Plan
May 2012 – Comments on Business Sustainment Plan from SGFAC
Jul. 2012 – Business Sustainment Plan Finalized, SGIP 2.0 incorporated
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Example: Standards FrameworkNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
… Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Model… Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Organizational Structure
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NIST- Recognized Standards Release 1.0
Following the April 28-29 Smart Grid Interoperability workshop, NIST deemed that sufficient consensus has been achieved on 16 initial standards
On May 8, NIST announced intention to recognize these standards following 30 day comment period
NIST’s announcement recognized that some of these standards will require further development and many additional standards will be needed.
NIST will recognize additional standards as consensus is achieved
Standard Application
AMI-SEC System Security Requirements
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and Smart Grid end-to-end security
ANSI C12.19/MC1219 Revenue metering information model
BACnet ANSI ASHRAE 135-2008/ISO 16484-5
Building automation
DNP3 Substation and feeder device automation
IEC 60870-6 / TASE.2 Inter-control center communications
IEC 61850 Substation automation and protection
IEC 61968/61970 Application level energy management system interfaces
IEC 62351 Parts 1-8 Information security for power system control operations
IEEE C37.118 Phasor measurement unit (PMU) communications
IEEE 1547 Physical and electrical interconnections between utility and distributed generation (DG)
IEEE 1686-2007 Security for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs)
NERC CIP 002-009 Cyber security standards for the bulk power system
NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-53, NIST SP 800-82
Cyber security standards and guidelines for federal information systems, including those for the bulk power system
Open Automated Demand Response (Open ADR)
Price responsive and direct load control
OpenHAN Home Area Network device communication, measurement, and control
ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile
Home Area Network (HAN) Device Communications and Information Model
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SGIP Accomplishments
Nearly 800 companies and organizations are members of SGIP
Catalog of Standards
• Hundreds of standards considered
• 42 Included in the catalog
• 14 currently being voted on
• 82 in the review/evaluation queue
International letters of intent have been signed with countries in Europe, Asia, and the Americas with many more to come
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Global Standards Collaboration
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Global Standards Collaboration - Ecuador
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Global Standards Collaboration - Colombia
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Smart Grid Standards Vision
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NARRATIVE
PROCESS
provides a framework for orchestrating all Smart Grid stakeholders to accelerate standards harmonization and
interoperability
SGIP
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Identify user requirements and gaps in standards
Accelerate standards development and harmonization for interoperability of Smart Grid devices & systems
Identify necessary testing and certification requirements
Oversee the performance of these activities & continue momentum
Inform and educate Smart Grid industry stakeholders on interoperability
Conduct outreach to establish global interoperability alignment
What Does SGIP Do?
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Work Products
Membership
Domain Expert Working Domain Expert Working Groups (DEWGs) Priority Action Plans (PAPs)
CommitteesStanding Member
Committees
Architecture
Cybersecurity
Implementation
Testing & Certification
Building to Grid
Home to Grid
Industry to Grid
Business & Policy
Vehicle to Grid
Distributed
Generation & Storage
Distributed Renewables
Generation & Storage
Wireless Comm -02
Wireless Comm -02
Energy Storage Energy Storage Interconnect - 07
Distribution Grid Distribution Grid Mgmt - 08
Standard DR & Standard DR & DER Signals - 09
Map IEEE 1815 to Map IEEE 1815 to IEC 61850 - 12
Wind Plant Wind Plant Comm - 16
Power Line Power Line Comm - 15
Facility Smart Grid Facility Smart Grid Info Std - 17Wholesale
Demand Response - 19
Wholesale Demand Response
- 19Green Button ESPI Green Button ESPI
Evolution - 20
EV Fueling EV Fueling Submetering - 22
Weather Info - 21
Conceptual
Roadmaps
Conceptual Models &
Roadmaps
RequirementRequirements
Use Use Cases
WhitepaperWhitepapers
Stds Stds Evaluation
Catalog of Catalog of Stds
Transmission & Distribution
Transmission & Distribution
SGIP Member Groups
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SGIPAccelerating Grid Modernization
www.sgip.org
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Smart Grid Policy
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Lessons from Renewables
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0
20
40
60
80
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08
The powerful role of policyConsistent European policy created the wind industry
Cumulative GW
EU Renewables Directive 1 22% Ren. Elect. by 2010 ... 14% in 2001
EU White Paper 40GW by 2010
EU Renewables Directive 233-40% Ren. Elect. by 2020
Romania Green Certifcate
UK Green Certificate
Spain FIT
Denmark FIT
Germany Feed In
Tariff (FIT)
Poland Green Certifcate
France FIT
Sweden Green
Certificate
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Europe and China lead policy-driven growth
Europe
DriversEU Directive 20%/’20 (~33% elec)Member State FITs/quotas
Asia Pacific
DriversAUS … Nat’l RPS 20%/’20JAP … Nat’l RPS 1.6%/’14KOR … Nat’l RPS 10%/’22NZ … Nat’l RPS 90%/’25VN … 5%/’20TN … 10%/’22
North America
DriversUS PTC/ITC/Grant + State RPSCAN Provincial RPS/Targets
Latin America
DriversBRZ, ARG … wind auctionsCHI … Nat’l RPS 10%/’24
Mid East & Africa
DriversEGY … 20%/’20JOR … 10%/’20MOR … 20%/’20S AFR … 13%/’20
China
DriversNat’l wind goal 150 GW by ’20Nat’l solar goal 10 GW by ’15, 50 GW by ’20Nat’l RPS 3%/’10, 8%/’20
India
DriversWind Nat’l GBIState RPO/FITNat’l Solar Mission … 20 GW by ’22
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Progress in the United States
US Annual Wind Installed Additions
Partial PTC YearFull PTC Year
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
'98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08
5,000
6,000
7,000
0
(MWs)
Renewable portfolio standardsFederal production tax credit
8,000
• National incentives• PTC … $.021/kWh, 10y• ITC … 30%• Cash grant in lieu of tax credits (~ITC value)• DOE Loan Guarantee Program
RPS + penalty (20+DC)
RPS + discretionary (9)
Voluntary RPS (8)
Proposed RPS (2)
Solar Carve out (13+DC)
DG Carve out (4)
Source: DSIRE
Offshore Wind Carve out (1)
• State RPS• Jan ’07: 22 states … ~44 GW wind ’07-25• Jan ’10: 35 states … ~50 GW wind ’10-25
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Global lessons learnedNo “one size fits all” … focus on outcomes
• Feed-in tariff
• Quota/RPS
• Tax incentive
• Auction/Tender
Attributes of an effective policy
• Stable, long-term commitment
• Rewards performance
• Supports project financial viability
• Non-compliance “teeth”
• Tied to enabling policies (transmission, siting)
• Reasonable cost containment measures
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Application to Smart Grid
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Setting the stage
Economiccompetitiveness
Environmentalsustainability
Energy security
Consumer empowerment
DRIVERS
ISSUES
Cost recovery
Cyber security
Customer protection & engagement
Interoperability
R&D support
Frameworks & funding
GOALS Create, shape and sustain the market
… Policymakers – establish the targets
… Regulators – provide the incentives
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• $14.5 billion of guarantees for T&D and renewables
• $4.5 billion for Smart Grid, including federal matching funds
Stimulus to kick-start
• Support trans-European infrastructure
• Energy Package, 80% smart meter coverage by 2020
• EU 20/20/20
• Additional funding for India’s ‘07-’12 power development program in order to reduce T&D energy losses by 15%
• Part A-$2B, SW/Auto
• Part B-$8B, Hardware
• Expand power grid by 26,000 km, incl. new equipment by 2009 and 2010
$70B $19B $10B $7B
$1B$3B
• Ofgem - £500MM, four (4) Smart Towns
• Olympic village
• Regulation to reward grid efficiency and reliability
$0.5B
• Govt $100MM, two (2) Smart Cities
• Victoria required to achieve full smart meter coverage by 2013
$0.3B
• Jeju island test bed
• Development oppty’s
• MKE directing Smart Meter roll-out
• Infrastructure: Smart Grids, Renewable integrations
• Demonstration programs, matching funds
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Smart Meters … AMI …Demand Response … Smart Grid
A historical review for the United States
2000 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009… 2007
Thought Exercise … Pacific Northwest National Labs undertakes initiative to define a vision of the grid in the age of IT
Energy System Transformation Initiative … PNNL and DOE lead cross-industry effort to refine vision of future grid
“GridWise” is Born … PNNL applies a name to the vision of a distributed, network-enabled grid
Public-Private Partnership … DOE signs MOU with GridWise Alliance to work together toward realization of a transformed grid; RAND publishes initial analysis of GridWise benefit
Program Formalization … DOE establishes formal GridWise program in FY05 within Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
2005 EPACT… President Bush signs Energy Policy Act of 2005; Section 1252 includes new state, DOE, and FERC requirements for Demand Response and Advanced Metering
2007 EISA … President Bush signs Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; Title XIII establishes federal policy on the Smart Grid
2008 EESA … President Bush signs Emergency Economic Stabilization Act; includes provision for accelerated depreciation of smart meters and smart grid systems
2009 ARRA … President Obama signs American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; $4.5 billion in budget authority to modernize the electric grid
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Example: state legislationCharacteristics of effective policy
Relevant
Specific
Proactive
• Target a particular smart grid technology or benefit;
• Disincentivize alternative means of compliance
• Identify required functionalities
• Include timelines for implementation
• Establish cost recovery parameters
• Anticipate and address implementation challenges
Ex) Texas smart meter experiences
HB 2129(2005)
• “Encouraged” utility adoption of smart meters and AMI
• Subsequent linkage to energy efficiency (HB 3693, 2007)
PUC 25.130(2007)
• Identified minimum technical capabilities for smart meters
HB 2129(2005)
• Directed PUC to establish a surcharge for cost recovery
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Example: utility deployment planEstimated $3.5B in investment in 9 programs through 2020
SMART
GRID
Customer
Empowerment
Renewable
Growth
Electric
Vehicle
Growth
Security
Reliability & Safety
Operational Efficiency
SG RD&D
Integrated & Cross-cutting
Systems
Workforce Development
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Policy and standards are closely linked
Competing standards can inhibit markets Leading to calls for harmonization
By default…
•Disparate standards bodies give rise to competing standards
•Firms face higher transaction costs, diseconomies of scale
By design…
•Technical standards as industrial policy…non-tariff trade barriers
•“Prescriptive” standards development undermines “market-based” approach
•Country-to-country MOUs
�Joint R&D
�Standards working groups
•Foreign participation in national/regional standards bodies
•Government support for development of international standards
•Internationally-recognized conformance testing procedures
•Funding for standards development in emerging markets
•Other…
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Smart Grid Recent Deployments and Lessons Learned
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AEP Smart Grid ProjectSummary
• American Electric Power is one of the largest electric utilities in the United States, delivering electricity to more than 5 million customers in 11 states
• 36,000 MW of generating capacity; 39K miles of transmission lines, 208K miles of distribution lines
Drivers
• Enhanced Customer Experience (Customer control, tools to understand usage)
• Operational Efficiencies (Reduce operational costs of the network)
• Energy Efficiency
• Utilize AMI infrastructure for Automation
Status
• Partnership developed to work together toward developing, demonstrating, & deploying Smart Grid solutions.
• Implement Smart Grid solutions to over 5MM customers by 2015
• First Smart Grid pilot complete in South Bend, IN. Next city-scale project in planning phase.
• GE and AEP working as partners to develop most effective Smart Grid
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Substations
FiberBackhaul Comms
Fiber Backhaul Comms
StationController
Dispatch
WirelessBackhaulComms
Smart Meter
StationIEDs & I/O
Backhaul Comms
ProtectionRelays
Devices
Smart Recloser
& Switches
Transformer Monitoring & Diagnostics
Station Capacitor
Volt Reg or LTC
WirelessBackhaulComms
LocalHMI
FDIRCVVC
Adv ApsWAMS, IVVC, FDIR, DPA, DR, DER . . .
MicrogridController
Cap Banks
DNP Cap Controller
Voltage Reg
DNP Volt Regulator
Gen &Storage
LAN
Smart Meter
Residential
HAN
LargeDistributedGen &
Storage
Feeders
Consumers
Commercial& Industrial
WirelessAMI
BackhaulComms
Backhaul Comms
Backhaul Comms
Vehicles
ElectricOffice
FFA & Mobile
Map
MDMSNMSEMS
SubstationDevices
Backhaul Comms
Substations
AMI Access
Integration with Business Applications
OMS M&D DMS
DistributionSubstations
AEP Project – Integrated System View
G&S
G&S
PMU
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AEP Project – Solutions DeliveredDemand Optimization
• Smart meters with AMI
• Time of use pricing
• Home Area Network
• Smart Appliances
Delivery Optimization
• Integrated Volt/Var Control
• Analysis of theoretical and measured results
• Analysis of financial benefits (MW, MWH, MVAR, and MVARH savings)
• Smart meters linked to Outage Management System (OMS)
• GENe DMS
• Poweron OMS
• Integration of DMS and OMS
• Leverage AMI for Distribution Automation
Asset Optimization
• Remote transformer monitoring of “at-risk” transformers.
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Maui Smart Grid ProjectDevelop a Smart Grid controls and communication architecture capable of coordinating DG, energy storage and loads to:
• Reduce peak load by 15% relative to loading on the distribution circuit.
• Mitigate the impacts of short-timescale wind and solar variability on the grid
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Maui - Functional Description
Demand Mgmt•Home Response Estimation•Shed Capacity Aggregation•Operator Decision•Disaggregation to Nodes•Home Selection
Volt/Var Control• Minimize Losses and Control
Voltage profile• Operating constraints:
• Vmin<Vbus<Vmax• Minimum number of
switching• Max tap jumping steps
• Power Flow solver• Load Forecasting/Estimation
Wind plant
Management
LTC/VR
Bulk Storage
Substation
DGs
Home Energy Manager• Optimal thermostat
Setpoints for all the thermal zones
• Optimal water tank temperature setpoint;
• Controlling and managing loads;
• Providing total electricity and fuel costs.
DER Manager
• Optimal Dispatch
E
N
M
A
C
On/off
Tap Value
kW, kVAR, time
kWh, time
Forecasted kW, wind speed, ramp rate,
curtailments
Deferrable, sheddable load, actual loads deferred/shed
Cap-banks
Available generation, load and forecasts,
energy price
Available generation, load, energy price, forecasts of all the above
Trans. level grid support• load-following• Intermittency management• Congestion reduction
Historical data,, amb temp, cost of
gas/elec, grid status. Elec. price
forecast.
??
Network Mgmt
FEP
SCADA
Standard Apps:
Outage Mgmt
Network Analysis
MECO EMS
• Economic Dispatch• Unit commitment
Operator
Demand Mgmt•Home Response Estimation•Shed Capacity Aggregation•Operator Decision•Disaggregation to Nodes•Home Selection
Volt/Var Control• Minimize Losses and Control
Voltage profile• Operating constraints:
• Vmin<Vbus<Vmax• Minimum number of
switching• Max tap jumping steps
• Power Flow solver• Load Forecasting/Estimation
Wind plant
Management
LTC/VR
Bulk Storage
Substation
DGs
Home Energy Manager• Optimal thermostat
Setpoints for all the thermal zones
• Optimal water tank temperature setpoint;
• Controlling and managing loads;
• Providing total electricity and fuel costs.
DER Manager
• Optimal Dispatch
E
N
M
A
C
On/off
Tap Value
kW, kVAR, time
kWh, time
Forecasted kW, wind speed, ramp rate,
curtailments
Deferrable, sheddable load, actual loads deferred/shed
Cap-banks
Available generation, load and forecasts,
energy price
Available generation, load, energy price, forecasts of all the above
Trans. level grid support• load-following• Intermittency management• Congestion reduction
Historical data,, amb temp, cost of
gas/elec, grid status. Elec. price
forecast.
??
Network Mgmt
FEP
SCADA
Standard Apps:
Outage Mgmt
Network Analysis
MECO EMS
• Economic Dispatch• Unit commitment
Operator
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• $200M smart grid initiative
• ~800-1,000 “green collar” jobs
• Public/private alliance� GE� City of Miami� FPL� Cisco� Silver Spring Networks
• ~1MM customers involved� Smart Meters� Demand Management� Distribution Automation � Substation Intelligence� Distributed Generation� Enterprise Systems
“It’s time for action. With projects like Energy Smart Miami, we can stimulate the economy today and build a brighter, cleaner tomorrow. It’s truly a win-win.”
Carol BrownerAssistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change
Collaborations & alliances are critical
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Miami proposes to lead the nation in energy
efficiency with $200 million smart grid initiative
Scope and revenue
• Average city scope ~200k endpoints
• Revenue pool ~$500/endpoint
• ~20 cities in wave 1 …. New York, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, London, Lyons
• Implementation over 2-3 yrs
Global growth + city scale expansion … $1B/yr opportunity
Energy smart cities
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedTechnology:
• Challenge: “Hype” versus “Reality”• Utility expectations were that basic SG solutions were “shovel–ready”
• Reality - Component technology was not as mature as advertised when combined to create a Smart Grid Solution
• In many cases components were field re-engineered or upgraded to meet objectives and expectations
• Challenge: Integration / Interoperability• Integrating multiple supplier products to create a SG solution
• Lesson Learned: adopt and insist on standards and open architecture methodology – drive for plug and play solutions
• Test, Test, Test• Lesson Learned: Extensive lab testing for “SG Solutions” is mandatory
prior to implementation – understand the capabilities
• Re-do’s are expensive and time consuming!
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedImplementation & Deployment:
• Challenge: Coordinating multiple suppliers
• Managing equipment, shipments & delivery – pieces and parts along with assembly required for implementation (e.g., radio, controller, AMI network, substation equipment with software)
• Coordinating software functionality with multi-supplier hardware and AMI
• Lesson Learned: Minimize niche suppliers – prefer alliance suppliers with strong engineering and solution teams
• Challenge: Coordinating multiple internal departments
• Managing Substation and Distribution Engineering, Protection and Control, Communications and Construction
• Lesson Learned: Engage 1 Project Manager for each Smart Grid solution with multi-discipline authority
• Prefer packaged solutions from fewer suppliers – minimize the finger-pointing
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedProject Management:
• Establish Program Management Office• Multiple Project Managers reporting to the Program Manager
• Adhere to PM guidelines such as Communication, Status Reporting, Risk Management, etc.
• Build an “A” team with project and technical members – there will be challenges to collectively solve
• Establish Corporate Steering Committee• Key status meetings with Utility Executives and Alliance Suppliers
• Escalation and Risk Mitigation in timely manner is critical
• Build Strategic Alliances with Key Suppliers• Define, Engineer and Build the Smart Grid solutions collectively
• Alliance Supplier provides “On-site” management and technical support
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Smart Grid Lessons LearnedChange Management:
• Smart Grid solutions involve multiple stakeholders (actors)• Residential / Commercial customers are now a “Major Stakeholder”
• For example: PCT’s, In-home devices, utility incentivized customer programs, 2-way communication with the Utility
• Define and develop “Use-Cases” for each component of Smart Grid• Use-Cases provide – a scenario description, defines the benefits,
actors, functional requirements, and business rules and assumptions
• Lesson Learned: Use-cases form the basis for the benefits achieved, functional requirements, development, and training
• Smart Grid actors require “Significant Training” on the operation and maintenance of the deployed system (i.e., Operations Center, Communications, Customer Call Center, Engineering, Field Crews, etc.)
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Thank You!