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Generator 101:
Introduction to GeneratorsJames Kerschinske
Generac
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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When would we need an emergency generator?
Causes of Outages Weather: lightning, wind, rain, snow, heat,
cold and ice Utility Equipment problems and grid
overload Fallen trees or tree growth Animal Contact Human Error: Underground digging,
cranes, traffic, vandalism, etc. Misc.: Mechanical damage, construction
error, fire, etc.
Risks involved during a loss of power Loss of Communications Loss of Security
Lost or Corrupted Data Lost Productivity Lost Confidence Continuation of Emergency Services
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When would we need an emergency generator?
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What is your emergency plan?
Catastrophic Events and
Weather cause us to
question the reliability of our
critical power systems What risks are real?
What are the most common
failures of emergency
power?
Area Date Cause Without
Power
CA 6/06 Grid
Failures
2,500,000
St. Louis 7/06 T-Storms 700,000
Buffalo 10/06 Snow 400,000
St. Louis 12/06 Snow/Ice 720,000
WA/OR 12/06 T-Storms,
Wind
1,500,000
OK/MO 1/07 Ice 500,000
Northeast 4/07 Snow 500,000
NY 6/07 T-Storms 385,000Chicago 8/07 T-Storms 615,000
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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How does an emergency generator work?
Generator and Automatic Transfer Switch
Permanent or Rental Generator
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How does and emergency generator work?
Emergency Generators are complex System Design, Installation, On-going Maintenance impact
reliability.
Single Generator designs have single points of failure Rental Power backup strategy
Consider Integrated Paralleling Solution with multiple generators
Fuel Reliability Natural Gas, Propane, Diesel, Bi-fuel
How much fuel is enough? Is fuel maintained?
Costs Fuel type, paralleled solution, enclosures, connectivity features
What is the best solution for critical power?
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Generator
CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status:Normal
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
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Generator
CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Utility failure
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
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Generator
CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Line interrupt delay
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches signal generator to start
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches verify rated output
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches transfer to generator
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Utility is re-energized
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Return-to-utility timer
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: The load is transferred back to utility,generator cool-down begins
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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CriticalTransfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
Generator
Distribution Panel
Status: Generator shuts down
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
Utility
Distribution Panel
Generator
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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What Planning Needs to be done?
Full or Limited Operation? Standby Generator picks up
selected loads automatically
Orderly Shutdown? UPS backs up selected loads
until they can be shut down
No Backup? No power until the utility
returns No services provided
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What planning needs to be done?
Who will be in charge?
Determine the loads to be backed up
What is the Voltage and Amperage? Where will the generator be located?
How will it be hooked up to the building? Who
will hook it up?
Have we scheduled a practice outage?
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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What loads are powered by a generator?
Lighting
Computers
Security System and Phone System Air Conditioning/Heat
UPS/Data
Pumps (fuel, water, etc)
Other electrical equipment
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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How do I properly size the generator?
After selecting loads (Whole or Limited) What is the Voltage (single or three phase)
What is the Amperage needed
Oversize the generator by 25% to handle motor starting andunexpected loads
Work with Engineer, Electrician or Generator Dealer
Make a written plan for this if you are relying on rental
power
kW = Volts * Amps * 1.732 * 0.8
1000
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Where do we get one in an emergency?
Generator Dealers (Generac, Cat, Cummins, Kohler, MTU)
Equipment Rental Houses (United, RSC, Hertz)
Make prior arrangements with supplier
Have a backup plan to your backup plan! In a weather related outage, the rental inventories are limited
Have an electrician hook it up
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Should we Purchase or Rent?
Done properly, and rental strategy could work Plan ahead
Save costs
Emergency power only when needed Guaranteed contract should be considered
Electrician should hook it up
Train personnel on operation
Have a practice power outage
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Should we Purchase or Rent?
Done poorly, it wont work Plan everything
Who is trained on-site to operate the generator?
What loads are backed up?
Volts/Amps/kW Rating Who will deliver the generator?
Dealer or outside service
Are the roads blocked due to the storm?
Where will the connections be made in the building?
Who provides the cables?
Where will I get fuel? Do I have a backup plan for fuel? How quiet is it?
Is it sized properly?
How will I pay for it?
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Should we Purchase or Rent?
Purchase Automatic Standby Power Immediately available during an outage Maintenance Plan Exercise automatically, preparing you for an outage Very affordable at any kW size
Diesel Natural Gas or Propane Bifuel
Quiet
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Generator 101
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work?
What planning needs to be done?
What loads are powered by a generator?
How do I properly size the generator?
Where do we get one in an emergency?
Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Questions?James Kerschinske Generac