Download - Genes and Behaviour
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Genes and Behaviour
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
Enzyme production
Enzymes
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
Enzyme production
Enzymes
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Physical (e.g. temp)
Regulated biochemical reactions
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
Enzyme production
Enzymes
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Physical (e.g. temp)
Regulated biochemical reactions
Cell metabolism
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
Enzyme production
Enzymes
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Physical (e.g. temp)
Regulated biochemical reactions
Cell metabolism
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Environmental influences (e.g. visual input for the development of the CNS)
Physiological mechanisms
Development of nervous, skeletal & endocrine systems
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Process EnvironmentalRegulatory genes
Environmental influencesturn genes on and off
Structural Genes
Enzyme production
Enzymes
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Physical (e.g. temp)
Regulated biochemical reactions
Cell metabolism
Carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Environmental influences (e.g. visual input for the development of the CNS)
Physiological mechanisms
Development of nervous, skeletal & endocrine systems
BEHAVIOUR
Environmental influences(e.g. social environment)Sensory perception, CNS processing,Motor generation
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INHERITANCE OF
SONG PATTERNS IN CRICKETS(BENTLEY, 1971)
Teleogryllus commodus Teleogryllus oceanicus
X
F1 hybrid
X X
T. oceanicus x F1 backcross
T. commodus x F1 backcross
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Quantitative Genetics
1 allele 2 alleles
X allelesFor any trait:
Total variance = genetic variance + environmental variance
Or VT = VG + VE
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Heritability = VG + VE
VG
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Foulbrood in Honeybees
Under the control of two alleles
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Foulbrood in Honeybees
Under the control of two alleles
u - for uncapping U - no uncapping
r - removal R - no removal
Female (uurr)
X
Male (UR)
Non-hygenic
All females - non-hygenic(UuRr)
Hygenic
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Foulbrood in Honeybees
Now do various backcrosses F1 females to males
Genotype No uncapping
Uncapping No removal
Removal
U_R_ * *
u_R_ * *
U_r_ * *
u_r_ * *
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Artificial Selection - Drosophila geotaxis
Selection of positively and negativelygeotactic Drosophila
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Fast maters Control Slow maters
Artificial selection - mating speed in Drosophila
First half of maters
Second half of maters
Repeat for 25 generations
Got three distinct lines
Fast - 3 mins Control - 5 mins Slow - 80 mins
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Hybridization Experiments - Lovebirds
Peach-faced Fischer’s
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Hybridization experiments - Sokolowski
Path length Path length
Sitter Rover Sitter RoverP1
Path length
Sitter Rover
Path length
Sitter Rover
F1 F1x
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E. Parent Offspring Regression
Activity scores with Drosophila
Offspring
Mid-parent score (P1 + P2)2
••
•
•
••
•••
•
••
• •
•
Slope = heritability
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F. Comparative approach - Temperature selection in Peromyscus
Preferred Temperature (Adults)
-5
0
5
10
15
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Dunce and rutabaga genes - Drosophila
ATP
Adenylyl cyclase
cAMP cAMP phosphodiesterase
PKA
activates
Binds and activates
Turns on genes that cause changes in structure and function of nerve
cells that govern memory
CREB
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What about genes that affect larger collections of behavioural acts?
fosB gene in mice
Brown et al. 1996. A defect in nurturing in mice lacking the immediate early gene fosB. Cell 86: 297 - 309