GENETIC TECHNOLOGYHONORS BIOLOGY 2AMotzko
Constantine Fahlberg - Saccharin (1879)
James Schlatter - Aspartame (1965)
Percy Spencer -Microwave Oven (1945)
John Harvey Kellogg - Corn Flakes (1899)
Alexander Fleming - Penicillin (1927)
Werner Arber(1969)1st To Isolate Restriction Endonucleases (Enzymes)
Restriction Endonucleases
Restriction EndonucleasesEnzymes that cut DNA at specific locations on the strand known as restriction sites
Naturally produced by bacteria to protect them against viruses
Restriction sites differ depending upon the sequence of nucleotides
When restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand they can leave either blunt ends or unpaired nucleotides called sticky ends Restriction Enzymes digest/cut the restriction sites on DNA strands based upon specific 3D structure
Sticky Ends Allow Restriction Enyzmes To Assist In The Creation Of Recombinant DNA
Boyer & Cohen (1973) First to create recombinant DNA using restriction enzymes
Splicing The Genes Into The Plasmid
pGLO Plasmid
APPLICATIONS OF RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASESGenetic Recombination/Creating of Genetically Modified Organsisms (GMOs)DNA FingerprintingPolymerase Chain Reactions (PCR)Microarray Chips Contructed Using Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
PART ONE: DNA FINGERPRINTING
PART 2 Polymerase Chain Reactions
Why Use PCR?Allows for amplification of genes for use in recombinant DNA (gene splicing) or isolation of sequences in DNA fingerprintingRequired Ingredients For PCRDNAPrimers (short sequences)Taq PolymeraseThermal Cycler
PART 3: Microarrays and GWAS
PART FOUR: CLONING