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Geography, GIS and AIDSGeography, GIS and AIDS
The Influence of Spatial Structure The Influence of Spatial Structure on Disease Transmission, on Disease Transmission, Prevalence and TreatmentPrevalence and Treatment
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History of Geography and AIDS History of Geography and AIDS
• Peter Gould – Spatial Diffusion Theory and AIDS
• The Slow Plague criticized traditional epidemiology for ignoring the spatial dimensions of aids
• In part due to it’s popular writing style, it’s overtly political stance and it’s “geographic elitism” Gould’s work was received with mixed reviews.
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Preface: Why a geographer writes about AIDS.Acknowledgements: Intellectual Antennae.Prologue: New Plagues for Old: The Horseman Rides Again.1. The Killer: HIV and What it does.2. The Origins of HIV: Closing an Open Question?3. The Thin Tendrils of Effects.4. Sex on a Set: A Backcloth for Disaster.5. Transmission Break: The Geography of the Condom.6. How Things Spread: Hierarchical Jumps and Geographic Oozings.7. Africa: A Continent in Catastrophe.8. Thailand: How to Optimize an Epidemic.9. America: Leaks in the System.10. The Bronx: Poverty, Crack and HIV.11. The Response: How Many Bureaucrats can Dance on the Head of a Pin?12. Time but no Space: the Failure of a Paradigm.13. The Geography in Confidentiality.14. Education and Planning: Predicting the Next Maps.15. Herd Immunity: Riding the Coattails of the HIV.16. Epilogue: Old Plagues for New.AIDS: A Bibliographic Essay.Index.
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Beyond spatial epidemiologyBeyond spatial epidemiology
• The spatial epidemiology of AIDS is still important however, other uses of spatial data within HIV/AIDS research are emerging
• Accessibility of AIDS related treatment and services
• Contextual factors associated with treatment adherence
• Stigma related geographies
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What is GISc?What is GISc?
• Geographic Information Science = theory• Geographic Information Systems = tool• Geographic data comes in many forms and often
requires tedious conversion with specialized software tools
• Geographic theory drives the analytical process, including geostatistics
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Types of Geographic Data Types of Geographic Data
• Two main types – Raster and Vector • Raster is pixel based (cells, resolution)• Vector is Cartesian Coordinate based (x-y
points, lines, lengths, polygons, areas, perimeters.
• GIS systems integrate the two types and store data and information as “geographic features” referenced to real world coordinate systems.
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Current Spatial AIDS research Current Spatial AIDS research at Drewat Drew
• Geographic disparities in AIDS mortality rates (Robinson)
• HIV testing center locations and risky sexual behavior (Taylor)
• Spatial reach of AIDS interventions (Kim)
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ConclusionConclusion
• Although there has been history of interaction, in general the integration of geographic theory and methods within AIDS research has remained minimal.
• The importance of this integration is clear to funding agencies, and there are many research opportunities available, especially for collaborations with clear interdisciplinary contributions.