Download - Geologic Time
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Geologic Time
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Where do we find fossils?
Fossils can only be found in
rocks.sedimentary
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Why is this statement false: “The caveman had dinosaur for breakfast.”?
Why is this statement false: “The caveman had dinosaur for breakfast.”?
man and dinosaursnever lived at the
same time
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Relative Age
If a sedimentary rock outcrop has not been overturned, which layer would be the oldest? What is this principle known as?
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Principle of Superposition
oldest rock layers are on bottom
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Using this principle, label the strata below from oldest
to youngest.
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Faults are always (older, younger)
than the rocks they cut through.
Faults are always (older, younger)
than the rocks they cut through.
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Which is older:
F or S
How do you know?
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If a geologist finds an igneous sill, how can she determine if the sill is an intrusion or an extrusion?
If a geologist finds an igneous sill, how can she determine if the sill is an intrusion or an extrusion?
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Intrusions
contact metamorphism on all sidescontact metamorphism on all sides
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extrusions
no contact metamorphism on topno contact metamorphism on top
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Is “H” an intrusion or extrusion?
How can you tell?
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H is an intrusion.Contact metamorphism
on top
H is an intrusion.Contact metamorphism
on top
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What is an unconformity?
a buried erosional surface
a part of the rock record
is missing
How does it complicate the relative dating of rock layers?
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What processes could lead to an unconformity?
weathering and erosion
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Using the diagram to the left, identify where the unconformity is located by drawing an arrow and writing the word “unconformity” next to it.
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What characteristics must fossils have in order to be
good index fossils?
What characteristics must fossils have in order to be
good index fossils?
lived over a large geographic area (large horizontal distribution)
lived for a short period of time (small vertical distribution)
there were a lot of them
lived over a large geographic area (large horizontal distribution)
lived for a short period of time (small vertical distribution)
there were a lot of them
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In the diagram below, a geologist has matched up rock
layers based on index fossils. In the diagram below, a geologist has matched up rock
layers based on index fossils. In geology, this is referred to
as CORRELATION In geology, this is referred to
as CORRELATION
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Evolution In your own words, explain the theory of evolution.
organisms adapt to their environment
in order to survive
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EvolutionExplain how the fossil record supports this theory
can see that different organisms have
changed over time
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Why are radioactive isotopes useful in determining the absolute age of a rock?
their half-lives are constant
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What can be done to change the half-life of a radioactive isotope?
Explain why this is important.
NOTHING!it is reliable to calculate age
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What radioactive isotope could be used to determine the absolute
age of material that was recently living?
carbon-14
What radioactive isotope could be used to determine the absolute
age of material that was recently living?
carbon-14
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What is the half life of uranium-238?
4.5 x 109
4,500,000,000
4.5 billion years
choice (c)
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If there is a 100g sample of C14, how many grams of C14 would remain after three half-lives?
How long would this take? Show all work.
100g 50g 25g 12.5g
3 half-lives x (5.7 x 103) =1.71 x 104 = 17,100 years