Download - George Ripley and Brook Farm
![Page 1: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
George Ripley and The Brook Farm
Arkadiy Reydman
![Page 2: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Birth of a Transcendentalist• George Ripley was a church minister of a
Unitarian Church in Boston and was a central figure in the Transcendentalist movement of the 1830s and 1840s. (1)
• He graduated from Harvard College. (1)
• He often contributed his writings to a Unitarian theological journal called the Christian Examiner. (1)
• His rare skills and knowledge allowed him to define and interpret the thoughts that were going through the minds of many men. (2)
![Page 3: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Transcendentalist Ideologies• George Ripley was one of the most leading and
prominent Transcendentalist in the movement. (3)
• The first transcendentalist club meeting was held at his home in 1836. (3)
• Ripley often shared his ideas with prominent figures of transcendentalist ideas like Ralph Waldo Emerson. (4)
• Transcendentalists believe that people are at their best when they are self-reliant and independent. (2)
![Page 4: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ripley’s Breakaway
• Ripley changed the course of Unitarian theological development because of a dispute he had with Andrews Norton. (1)
• Ripley argued that a belief in miracles was not the essential foundation of the Christian faith which was why he broke off from the more radical thinking transcendentalists. (1)
![Page 5: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ripley’s Wife• Ripley married Sophia Willard Dana
• She shared many of Ripley’s religious and intellectual interests and his growing commitment to social justice (1)
• Especially when Ripley became engaged in socialist theories that stressed cooperative, non-competitive social arrangements. (1)
![Page 6: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Idea of Utopian Community• George Ripley and his wife spent several weeks in the
Massachusetts countryside in 1840. (5)
• Ripley’s growing ideology of theology and social reform was bound to be experimented on and he chose Ellis Farm as the location in which it should take place in. (5)
In a letter to his friend Emerson:
![Page 7: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brook Farm• Ripley gave up his pastorate and
created Brook Farm in 1841. (5)
• The Farm extended to one hundred and seventy five acres. The property mortgages amounted to $11,000. (5)
• An institute was established in the community as a joint-stock company and offered shares and other benefits. (5)
![Page 8: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Life on Brook Farm• It proved to be a place where intellectual
life was stimulating, and where the schools had become a great financial success. (5)
• Work duties included chopping wood, milking cows, turning a grindstone, and other farming chores. Some people were traders and teachers. (5)
• Members enjoyed free healthcare for their work and enjoyed music, dancing, card games, drama, costume parties, sledding, and skating.• Women were treated more equally and
could get an education.
![Page 9: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Brook Farm Embraces Fourierism
• In 1844 Brook Farm adopted the principles of Fourier. (5)
• Fourierism was a system for the reorganization of society into self-sufficient cooperatives. It was based on a cultivation of land type economy where the goods would belong to the community and the workers would get an hourly wage in return. (6)
![Page 10: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Brook Farm’s Decline• Brook Farm often put itself in debt as it often
spent a lot of money. (5)
• Troubles with illnesses and low supply of food caused them to ration. (5)
• Brook Farm attempted to raise $100,000 to fund another association, but it was slow and failed. (5)
• A phalanstery (utopian building) was burned down before its completion and that wasted a lot of money. (5)
• The utopian community failed because of financial ruin. Slow dissolution (when Ripley left) – 1846-1849 (5)
![Page 11: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ripley’s Future• Ripley’s wife died and converted to
Catholicism before she died. (1)
• He was faced with poverty and debt. (5)
• He remarried and found financial success as a reviewer, critic, and editor. His publication New American Cyclopedia became vastly popular. (5)
![Page 12: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Citations(1) http://uudb.org/articles/georgeripley.html
(2) http://www.alcott.net/alcott/home/champions/Ripley.html?index=0
(3) http://www.nndb.com/people/961/000114619/
(4) http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/americans05/secured/resources/applications/ebook/index.jsp
(5) http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/transcendentalism/brook_farm.html
(6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fourier
Pictures
• http://www.americanunitarian.org/georgeripley.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/George_Ripley.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/UUA_Logo.svg/250px-UUA_Logo.svg.png
• http://hilobrow.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Ripley-500.jpg
• http://bwht.org/wp-content/uploads/sophia_ripley.gif
• http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/community.gif
• http://uudb.org/images/brookfarm.jpg
• http://people.albion.edu/ram/cdk/BrookFarmStringBand.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Hw-fourier.jpg
![Page 13: George Ripley and Brook Farm](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081504/55928ba31a28ab8e298b4668/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Information Cited• http://hilobrow.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/wolcott-45-painting.jpg
• http://www.kellscraft.com/RomanceOldNERooftrees/RomanceNE14.JPG
• http://uudb.org/images/georgeripley.jpg