Georgia State Standard
SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture.
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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The process by which ____________ traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called ____________ ____________.
Precursors: Selective Breeding
Genetics and Biotechnology
German shepherdService dog
HuskySled dog
Saint BernardRescue dog
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Precursors: Inbreeding
Genetics and Biotechnology
The process in which two ____________ ____________organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the undesired ones in future generations
____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding.
A disadvantage of inbreeding is that ____________ recessive traits also can be passed on to future generations.
Ex: Dog breeds are kept pure by inbreeding
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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A ____________ ____________involves breeding an organism that has the ____________ genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait.
Genetics and Biotechnology
Precursors: Test Cross
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetic Engineering
Technology that involves ____________ the ____________ of one organism in order to ____________ the DNA of ____________ organism, called exogenous DNA.
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetically engineered organisms are used
Genetics and Biotechnology
to study the expression of a particular gene.
to investigate cellular processes.
to study the development of a certain ____________.
to select traits that might be ____________ to humans.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Genetically engineered bollworm
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DNA Tools
Genetics and Biotechnology
An organism’s ____________ is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell.
DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetics and Biotechnology
Scientists use restriction enzymes as powerful tools for ____________ specific genes or regions of the genome.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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DNA Tools: ____________ ____________
recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and ____________ the DNA within the sequence.
Genetics and Biotechnology
DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis
An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called ____________ ____________.
When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel.
The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetics and Biotechnology
Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d
The unique pattern created based on the size of the DNA fragment can be compared to known DNA fragments for ____________ of people. This is called ____________ ____________.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Gel electrophoresis
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DNA Fingerprinting Example
Genetics and Biotechnology
DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA
A newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from different sources is called ____________ ____________.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetics and Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA Cont’d
Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce human ____________ for diabetics and to clean up ____________ ____________.
Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce a human ____________ to treat ____________ ____________.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Used to __________ a DNA sample for any scientific investigation including
__________ analysis and __________ testing
PCR takes approximately _____
hours. This automated process bypasses the need to use bacteria for amplifying DNA.
DNA Tools:
DNA Tools: Cloning http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/
• Cloning - Using the DNA of one organism to create and identical ____________
• Steps: – Isolate ____________ cells (from who you will be
cloning)– Remove ____________ from donor egg– ____________ nucleus from donor cells into donor egg– ____________ cell division– ____________ embryo into surrogate mother– ____________ organism will be born
Genetics and Biotechnology
Transgenic Organisms
Organisms that have been genetically engineered by ____________ one or more ____________ from another organism.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetics and Biotechnology
Transgenic Animals
Scientists produce most transgenic animals in laboratories for biological ____________, often to study the function of different traits.
Commonly used animals - Mice, fruit flies, and the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
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Genetics and Biotechnology
Transgenic Plants
Biologists use DNA technology to produce plants with many desirable traits.
Genetically engineered cotton resists ____________ infestation of the bolls.
Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a ____________ that could kill most of the African harvest.
Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins could ____________ malnutrition.
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Chapter 13