- 2 - Electrical Energy Systems
• 26-MA, 100-ns, multi-MV pulses
• 350 TW of radiated power
• 1 shot a day
33 m
• 300 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus
• 45 million develop a foot ulcer, 1 million amputations per year
• Early treatment of patients may prevent 50-80 % of these amputations.
• Faster recovery of ulcerated skin and wounds
• Disinfection of (chronic) wounds
• Stimulates local blood circulation
- 3 -
Example – plasma medicine
Electrical Energy Systems
- 4 -
Some topologies…
Electrical Energy Systems
- 5 -
Magnetic pulse compression
LV-side
Cpri
Csec,1
D
S
LoadPT
Csec,2
MS
char
ger
HV-side
Electrical Energy Systems
- 6 -
Linear transformer drivers (LTD’s)
Electrical Energy Systems
- 7 -
Pulsed power research @ TU/e
Electrical Energy Systems
- 8 -
Electroporation
Electrical Energy Systems
- 9 -
Electrochemotherapy
Electrical Energy Systems
- 10 - Electrical Energy Systems
• 2 % of global energy consumption
• 3.2 % of global CO2 emission
• Energy cost 29 GJ/tN
• Only air, water and (renewable) electricity
• Zero-emission of CO2
• Energy cost 20-30 GJ/tN
• Decentral, on-site production
• Crop protection + nutrient
40% of world population has nothing to eat without fertilizer
Plasma source for PAW production
Electrical Energy Systems- 21-
• Dual resonant circuit
• H-bridge to drive it
• MOSFET switches used
• “Lab” prototype built
• Controllability over waveform
• Thermal and non-thermal
plasma possible!
Power modulator for PAW
Electrical Energy Systems- 22-
• Thermal plasma: more RNS generation
– More nitrate and nitrite
– Fertilizer: competitive with Haber-Bosch process
• Non-thermal plasma: more ROS generation
– More peroxide
– Disinfecting properties
Thermal vs. non-thermal plasma
Per
oxide
Nitr
ite
Nitr
ate
pHF
Per
oxide
Nitr
ite
Nitr
ate
pH
0,1
1
10
Range, units:
[g/L
] fo
r nitra
te, [-
] fo
r pH
, [m
g/L
] fo
r oth
ers
Non-thermal plasmaThermal plasma
Electrical Energy Systems- 22-
• “2.000.000 young children die each year due to air pollution”
Unicef, 2012
• Environmental legislation becomes more stringent.
• Need for new solutions to comply
• Low concentrations of pollutants.
• Multiple components (cocktails).
• Low cost and energy consumption.
• Wide range of target pollutants.
• Modular, scalable.
- 14 -
Clean air
Electrical Energy Systems
- 15 -
Pulsed power and transient plasma
Electrical Energy Systems
60 kV, 1 kHz, 30 kW10 ns rise time, 100 ns duration
Smart charger,30 kV, 5 kHz, 20 kW, 30 μs, 96 % efficiency
Heavy duty,repetitive switch unit
- 16 - Electrical Energy Systems
• Up to +/-60 kV, 0.5-10 ns duration, <200 ps rise time, 4 kHz rep.rate
Adjustable (sub) ns pulsed power technology
- 17 - Electrical Energy Systems
– the world’s fastest plasma
- 18 - Electrical Energy Systems
Record breaking plasma performance
- 19 - Electrical Energy Systems
• Powerful oxidant, on-site production and use, no residues
• Purification of drinking water
– Reduction of bacteria and pharmaceutical residues
– Market 1.2 billion $
– 2.5 Mm3 daily, requires 45 MVA
• Potential energy reduction
50-75 % by applying
ns pulsed power and
transient plasma.
- 20 -
Example – ozone
1 10 100 10000
50
100
150
200
<10 ns pulse width
<100 ns pulse width
>=100 ns pulse width
Yie
ld [
gr/
kW
h]
Concentration [ppm]
Electrical Energy Systems
• Flexible repetitive, nanosecond pulsed power technologies
• Solid state switch solutions
• Multi-level very fast pulsed power topologies
• Adaptive pulsed power techniques
• World record breaking plasma performance
– Air and water purification
– Sustainable agriculture
– Plasma medicine
• Acknowledgements: Tom Huiskamp, Wilfred Hoeben, Bert van Heesch, Frank Beckers, Gerrit Kroesen, Sander
Nijdam, Ute Ebert, Polo van Ooij, Paul Leenders, Bas Zeper, Pauline Smits
- 21 -
Outlook
Electrical Energy Systems