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INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE . Edinburgh . UK www.iom-world.org
Get a life?!
John W Cherrie1,2 Andrew Apsley1
and Sean Semple1,2
1. Centre for Human Exposure Science, Institute of Occupational Medicine 2. Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, University of Aberdeen
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Summary • The exposome, from conception to death • We’re in the 21st century
• The internet of things • The quantified self • Citizen science
• Sensors and the cloud • Low-cost sensors and what they can do • HEALS, the biggest environment and health
project in Europe • The implications of all this for occupational
hygiene
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Two-thirds of the deaths in the world are caused by noncommunicable diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular disease
Only about 10% of this mortality attributed to genetic variation
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The exposome is composed of every exposure to which an individual is subjected from conception to death.
Chris Wild
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The Exposome… The exposome is composed of every exposure to which an individual is subjected from conception to death.
It comprises: • processes internal to the body such as
metabolism, gut microflora, inflammation… • external exposures including infectious agents,
chemical contaminants, diet… • social, economic and psychological influences.
Wild, C. P. (2012). The exposome: from concept to utility. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(1), 24–32.
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Critical life stages
Wild, C. P. (2012).
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Agnostic investigations…
• Steve Rappaport recommends searching for potential causes without any prior hypothesis
• Approach lends itself to “omics” technologies
• Although other measurements can also contribute to this approach
• Follow-up with more focused epidemiological and mechanistic studies
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Measuring the exposome… • “Omics” biomarkers, particularly
metabolomics and proteomics, from biobank samples
• Small-low cost sensors, linked to smart phones or the Internet (of Things)
• Integrated environmental sensors and sensor arrays
• Collecting data using tablet computers etc – “citizen science” initiatives
• Accessing “big data” stored others, e.g. electricity consumption, shopping habits
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http://googleblog.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/introducing-our-smart-contact-lens.html
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Internet of things...
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The tile…
http://www.thetileapp.com/
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Quantified self…
http://www.moves-app.com
https://www.fitbit.com
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Citizen science…
• Dylos DC 1700 • Laser-based particle
counter • 1 min data logging
capability more than 6 days
• Quiet • Mains operated with
battery for 6 hours • Low cost - £265
Semple S, Apsley A, MacCalman L. An inexpensive particle monitor for smoker behaviour modification in homes. Tob Control. 2013 Sep;22(5):295-8.
http://www.refreshproject.org.uk/
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Calibration dataset (n=25,301)
r2 =0.86
Sidepak PM2.5 = 0.65 + 4.16 x 10-5[Dylos particles] + 1.57x10-11[Dylos particles]2
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Dylos and occupational exposure…
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Intragastric temperature…
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Sensor packages…
€155
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Smart sensor packages…
• NetAtmo • Measures
temperature, humidity, noise and CO2
• Cloud enabled, syncs with phone, tablet and computer
• Cost €176 http://www.netatmo.com
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HEALS…
• Health and Environment-wide Associations based on Large population Surveys
Isabella Annesi-Maesano,
www.heals-eu.eu
Prof. Dimosthenis Sarigiannis,
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Important parameters… • Location
• Mobile phone technology
• Activity (movement, orientation) • Walking, running, transport • Standing, sitting, lying
• Temperature and humidity • Indoor / outdoor
• Light / dark (maybe UV) • Indoor / outdoor pollutants • Sound level • Diet
http://mimobaby.com
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Confidentiality?
• Exposome projects will collect sensitive personal data
• However, we mostly share personal data already
• And sharing data will become commonplace • Researchers will need to act
under normal rules of medical ethics
• Practitioners may need to develop clear guidelines
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Implications for occ. hygiene • We need to become aware of the
possibilities • Omics offers new ways to investigate work
exposures • Accuracy and precision is not everything,
but tools need calibration • Tracking location and behaviour provides
new data • There are confidentiality issues to be
resolved • Citizen science revolution is coming
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http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/dert/programs/peph/podcasts/exposome/
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Acknowledgement…
The HEALS project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 603946.