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Getting homogeneousETRS89
Coordinates
Michael ZiegertDepartment of Geoinformation and Surveying Hamburg
EuroSDR PAI workshop, 8-9 June 2005, Munich
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Contents► Introduction
► ETRS89
► SAPOS
► Basic Conditions
► Approach– Forming Blocks of Point Fields – Determination of Identical Points– Transformation
– Proximity Fitting– Control Measurements
► Virtual Identical Points
► Economic Aspects
► Time Schedule
► Experiences, Problems, Look-out
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Introduction (1)
►In 2001 � starting the project:
Transforming large cadastre point fields– referencing different local frames(Gauß-Krüger / partly Solder) –into a unique reference frame(ETRS89 with UTM projection)
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Introduction (2)
►Decision for an interconnectedtransformation approach of local systems
►Choosing the adjustment programSystra of technet GmbH for calculation
►Combination with an integrated GPS campaign
►Getting homogeneous and precisecoordinates
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ETRS89 (1)
ETRS89 ( = Cartesian geocentric 3D coordinate system) realised by the European Terrestrial Reference Frame (ETRF) and represented by DREF91/SAPOS.
ETRS89 = European Terrestrial Reference System 1989
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ETRS89 (2)„Geographic
coordinate system“(Reference Frame)
„Projected coordinatesystem“
ellipsoid projection
local
global
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ETRS89 (3)► ETRS89 = GPS coordinate system standard
used for high-quality GPS surveys throughout Europe
► Fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate
► Used for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks
► Realized by different GPS measurement campaigns, world-wide
► Adjustment of the data of the European measurement stations in 1989
► Fixing these coordinates
► Densification of measurement stations by European and German countries � EUREF, DREF, HHREF(in Hamburg: 4 SAPOS reference stations)
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►SAPOS = SAtellite POSitioning Service of the German National Survey
►SAPOS � Setting up a permanently operatedmultifunctional Differential GPS service
►4 SAPOS – Services (EPS, HEPS, GPPS, GHPS)
►SAPOS HEPS � High-Precision Positioning Service
►Producing ETRS89-coordinates with the accuracy in the range of few centimeters
SAPOS (1)
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SAPOS (2)► In Hamburg:
►4 reference stations (� realising ETRS89 in HH,permanent maintenance, 112 points for saving thenetwork)
►Transmitting of correction terms
►Connection of neighbour states
►Available in the metropolitan area of Hamburg
►www.sapos.de
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Central station
Reference stations 1-4
SAPOS (3)
Networking
Correction Data
RINEX
(Postprocessing)
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Saving the network:
112 points (RS,TP, RF & UF) After 3 years ���� repeating the measurement !
SAPOS (4)
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SAPOS (5)
Regional networking
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SAPOS (6)
Soll / Ist -
Vergleich
►High-precise GPS surveys in real-time���� Differential GPS (DGPS)
► Increasing of positional accuracy bymaking differences(Comparision of target and actualresults) � Use of reference stations
►Transmitting of DGPS correction terms(format RTCM) for users by2 transmitter stations � 2m-band GSM (SAPOS®) � mobile phone
� Accuracy in the range of fewcentimeters in real-time !
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►Why ETRS89 in Hamburg ?
►Unification und homogenisation of all geodataresources for an overall use
►Efficient use of satellite-based measurementtechniques (no „back-transformations“)
►Durable availability of the reference system (withoutmarked points) – extensive economies formaintenance
►Resolution of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (AdV)
Basic Conditions (1)
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►Why ETRS89 in Hamburg ?
► Resolution of the AdV in 1991:
►…European integration
►…introduction of an uniform, pan-European…reference system
►…also for geodetic survey and
cadastral surveying…
►…providing and processing of spatial data all over…the European countries
Basic Conditions (2)
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►Objective:
►Transfer large cadastre point fields referencing
different local frames into a unique reference
frame � ETRS89 with UTM projection
LS 310 / 320ETRS89 mit UTM / GK
LS 100DHDN mit GK
LS 210System HH_neu
LS 220System HH_alt
Basic Conditions (3)
LS = status of location
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Basic Conditions (4)
► Different local frames:
► Hamburg (old): Origin � Bowl of the Church Michael („Soldner“)
LS 220 (status of location = 220)
► Hamburg (new): Origin � Bowl of the Church Michael („Soldner“)(after reconstruction of the tower)LS 210 (status of location = 210)
► DHDN, „Potsdam Datum“ ,Ellipsoid Bessel, central point RauenbergLS 100 (status of location = 100)
Characteristics:���� Inhomogeneities���� Multiple storage���� Principle of neighbourhood���� Connection between the cadastre point field
and the conventional higher-order point field
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Special feature in Hamburg:
►In the cadastre point field only thetransfered coordinates in the localityrepresent the course of boundary
(of land parcels) !
►Boundary marks are not mandatory!
Basic Conditions (5)
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GK
Koordinaten
Hamburger
Koordinaten-
Systemnicht
koordiniert
Basic Conditions (6)
Point of departure:
20 % of the area of Hamburg ����
without coordinated points !
Local „Hamburg“ frames
¼ of the coordinated points
Cadastre point field …approx. 1 million points
Frame DHDN, „Potsdam Datum“ (G-K-projection) ¾ of the coordinated points
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LS 100 status of location
(DHDN, G-K-projection)approx. 42.000 points
Basic Conditions (7)
Cadastre point fieldHamburg-Nord
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Basic Conditions (8)
LS 210 status of location
(New Hamburg coordinates) approx. 76.000 points
Cadastre point fieldHamburg-Nord
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Basic Conditions (9)
LS 220 status of location
(Old Hamburg coordinates) approx. 8.400 points
Cadastre point fieldHamburg-Nord
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►Requirements
► Transfer the conventional higher-order point field into ETRS89
► Possibility to work also with conventional terrestrial procedures of measurement in ETRS89
► Break-up of the conventional higher-order point field(continuous process over a long period)
► Realisation with maintenable financial strain
► Free choice about the time for using satellite-based techniques of measurement
Basic Conditions (10)
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Approach (1)
► Grouping blocks of local systems
► Why?
– Big number of points � approx. 1 million points !!!(cadastre point field)
– Intoduction of ETRS 89 step-by-step / district-wise
– Working parallel
– Discontinuities of the cadastre point field, e.g. alongrailways, watercourses or administrative boundaries(proximity fitting cross lines of discontinuity� falsification of results !)
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7 blocks of local systems ≅≅≅≅ 7 districts of Hamburg
Approach (2)
One block can contain up to 200.000 points !
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Approach (3)
►Fixing block boundaries
– Block boundaries are stable and independent of the internal area of the block
– After fixing all the block boundaries �
unique blocks are transformed separately
– No later change of border area necessarywhen merging the blocks
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Approach (4)
►Fixing block boundaries
Block A
Block B
Verknüpfte Blockgrenze
Unverknüpfte Blockgrenze
knotted block boundary
unknotted block boundary
block A
block B
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Fixing block boundaries(principle)
– Determination of identical points(with GPS measurements) alongthe district boundaries
– Calculation of boundary points of the district boundary
– Boundary points becomeidentical points to transformcadastre point fields inside thedistricts
Identical points
Boundary points
Bezirk 2
Bezirk 1
Überlappungsbereich
Approach (5)
Overlapping area
District 1
District 2
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► Determination of identical points(aided by GPS measurements)
► Important for a high-quality:
1) …accuracy of the identical points
2) …how good can identical points represent thesystematic distortions of the cadastre point field
► Density of identical points depends on the qualityof the existing cadastre point field
► Immense distortions ���� many identical points !!!
Approach (6)
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► Determination of identical points (principles)
► Points of the conventional higher-order (control) point field must…
1) have a direct neighbourhood relationship to thecadastre point field !
2) have a clear identity !
3) allow GPS measurements !
► Checked points of the cadastre point field must…
allow GPS measurements !
Approach (7)
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Approach (8)
► Category I
– free stationing inside a group of points
– forced centeringGPS measurements with SAPOS and RTK
► Category II
– centric / excentric on a higher-order survey point
GPS measurements with SAPOS and RTK
Determination of identical points of theconventional higher-order (control) point field
by measurement:
Area of connection points
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Approach (9)
480 measured identical points(conventional higher-order points)
Using of RTK-equipment
(Real-Time-Kinematic) GPS surveying
District Hamburg-Nord
280 measured control points(boundary points)
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► Transformation by using the adjustment
program SYSTRA of technet GmbH
► Principle:
– Interconnected transformation of local frameswith following
– Proximity fitting as adjustment problem
– According to least squares adjustment
Approach (10)
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►Process of transformation���� 2-dimensional-transformation is sufficient:
���� limited area extension���� coordinates of the cadastre point field are 2-dimensional
► Fixing the system borderlines and features (stochastic model, type of transformation, points for interconnecting the systems, e.g. HH-coordinates and GK-coordinates)
► Adjustment of the first type : Calculation of the approximated coordinates
► Adjustment of the second type : Strict Adjustment
► Adjustment of the third type : Proximity Fitting
Approach (11)
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Approach (12)
►Process of transformation
►Adjustment of the first type:
– Calculation of the approximated coordinatesfor non-linear observations (junction points)
– Detection of outliers (confusion of points, configuration defects)
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Approach (13)
►Process of transformation
►Adjustment of the second type:
– Strict adjustment
– Estimation of the unknown parameters via
functional and stochastic model according to themethod of least squares adjustment
– Adjusted coordinates of the new points;
sets of parameters
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Approach (14)
►Process of transformation
►Adjustment of
the third type:
– Neighbourhood relationships via meshes of triangles
according to Delauney
– Transfer remnant discrepancies of the identical pointsto the new points
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Approach (15)
* Meshing of triangles* cadastral district Uhlenhorst
* approx. 5000 points
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Approach (16)
* Interpolation of remnant discrepancies
* cadastral district Farmsen
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►Basic approach for „transformation Hamburg“
►Transformation of the state and district boundaries
• Fixed boundaries in ETRS89
• Getting a skeleton
►7 further transformations (districts)
• Every district with many local systems and all borderpoints as identical points
• Like a total adjustment
Approach (17)
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137 8
19
20
3735
217055
6
5
739
Legend:
Bessel
ETRS’89
FR 1987 / 22
Legend:
1
2 3
5
Barenbleek
7 8
Approach (18)
Execution of control
measurements
Consistency between measured and adjusted
coordinates of boundary points…?
free stationing
Connecting point
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13
7 8
19
20
3735
217055
6
5
Fuge0,015
Sockel 0,015
[7,94]
7,9857,985
Barenbleek
739
[5,5
55
]
5,5
42
5,5
37
0,00,024 0,007
Bessel
ETRS’89
FR 1987 (basement measurement)
Legend:
10,4
65
[10
,39
]
Approach (19)
Analysis of control measurements �Verifying thereproduction accuracy estimated by the adjustment
concrete foundation 0,015
groove 0,015
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Virtual identical points (1)►Virtual identical points :
► „Relict“ of district-wise transformation (adjustment)
► Via transformation from LS 100 into LS 310 or LS 320
► Arranged in a regular grid (point distance: 250 m)
► Number of virtual identical points: approx. 26.000
► High density of identical points � true neighbourhood transfer
► Accuracy of transformation � in the range of the absolute reproducibility of the conventional higher-order point field and theconnected boundary points
► Data delivery on CD: with district-wise introduction of ETRS89
► Price: 1.400 €
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Virtual identical points (2)
ASCII file with virtual identical points (in extracts)
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►Applications:
►Georeferencing of – GIS projects
– CAD applications
– digital maps
– measuring points
�Clear assignment of identical points to dataresources
�Repeatability of transformation in bothtransformation directions!
Virtual identical points (3)
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Virtual identical points (4)
Virtual identical points in
the district Hamburg-Nord
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Virtual identical points (5)
Example: Transformation of a CAD drawing
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Virtual identical points (6)Example:
Coordinate differences betweentransformed points via measured identical points andtransformed points via virtual identical points
Extract (ds ���� descending sorted) :
dsmax = 5,4 cm (maximum point offset)
deviation ≅≅≅≅ 0,003 m (by approx. 100.000 points)
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►Cost calculation
►Georeferencing with higher-order (control) point field
► 2,5 Mio € per year 10 years Maintenance of theconventionalhigher-order point field
► 2,0 Mio € per year 5 years Investment forcomplete upgrading theconventional higher-orderpoint field
► 0,2 Mio € per year 10 years Gains by data delivery
Economic aspects (1)
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►Cost calculation
►Georeferencing without higher-order (control) point field
0,4 Mio € per year 10 years Maintenance of thereference stations
0,1 Mio € per year 10 years Maintenance and saving the network
0,6 Mio € per year 3 years Investment for SAPOS + saving the network
1,4 Mio € per year 5 years Investment forchange-over the officialinformation of boundarydetermination
0,2 Mio € per year 10 years Gains by data delivery
Economic aspects (2)
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Time Schedule
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► Accurcy of the transformation < ± 2 cm ! (average standard deviation over all calculated points)
► Neighbourhood relationships are not necessary anymore !
► Data management is very extensive !
► Exact fixing of system boundaries and connected points !
► In transformded areas � No conventional higher-order (control) point field is necessary !
► Transformed areas are homogeneous !
► Areas with bigger problems (Areas with Inhomogenities in old data) factoring out, later ! (surrounding area = identical points)
► Geologic, tectonic changes ! (selected points; actual-required-determination)
Experiences, Problems, Look-out
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Many thanks for your
attention!