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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD
Rob Bramley
Getting useful information for almond producers from Precision Agriculture sensing technologies
CSIRO, Waite Campus
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Dr Rob Bramley
Senior Principal Research Scientist – Precision Agriculture & Site Leader, Waite Campus
CSIRO Agriculture & Food
Dr. Rob Bramley is a Senior Principal Research Scientist in CSIRO’s Agriculture Flagship and is the Site Leader for CSIRO Waite Campus in Adelaide. He has worked as a soil chemist, on land-use sustainability issues, and since 1996, has had a primary research focus on Precision Agriculture and the management of variability in agricultural production systems. He has just completed a significant multi-agency Precision Agriculture project in the Australian sugar industry and, since 1999, has been a pioneer in the development of Precision Viticulture for winegrape production systems, now leading a newly funded project on within-vineyard yield-grape quality interactions. He is the author of over 290 research articles including 46 in refereed international journals and has spoken on Precision Agriculture at numerous international conferences around the world.
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‘sensors almonds’
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ConBAP 2012, Ribeirão Preto | Rob Bramley
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Optical Remote Sensing relies on the link between
canopy & productivity
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2016 Australian Almond Conference | Rob Bramley
GIRGIRGNDVI
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Remote sensing in viticulture / horticulture
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Remote sensing in viticulture/ horticulture
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Valdez et al. (2012) Prediction of leaf area in almonds by vegetation indices. Comp. Elect, in Ag. 85, 24-32
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San Joaquin Valley
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Drones / UAVs – Yamaha RMax
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www.bloomberg.com
www.goodfruit.com
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Drones / UAVs
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ConBAP 2012, Ribeirão Preto | Rob Bramley
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Just because the sensor platform is a drone does not mean that the sensor is any good !
Lots of start-up businesses have emerged offering remote sensing services using drones and/or selling the equipment to those interested in self-service.
Many of these use cheap, ‘off-the shelf’ digital cameras Most of these are broadband Beneficial remote sensing
requires narrow band filters
Is there a point of difference ? Do you have time ? R + M is potentially a big cost
Toys for boys !
Drones / UAVs – lots of traps for young players
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Proximal sensors - Greenseeker
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Proximal sensors – Crop Circle
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Crop Circle – from the side
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Crop Circle – above the canopy
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CropCircle - barley
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TopCon CropSpec
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A grains example – mid-north of SA, 2012
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There is nothing new about this stuff !
G, R, IR-based indices (NDVI, GNDVI, PCD, etc…) give you essentially the same information
Remote sensing generally uses passive sensors, whilst most proximal sensing (eg Greenseeker) uses active sensors Nonetheless, NDVI, GNDVI or PCD sensed by any of them gives
essentially the same information
Whilst it is true that the camera never lies, you cannot regard it as offering the truth unless you understand what it is showing ! Ground-truthing is essential (why is that area low vigour ?) You cannot make prior assumptions about what these sensors are going
to tell you about – moisture availability, disease, etc... All they do is provide relative information about the amount of
photosynthetically active biomass (ie canopy size / health)
Summary – NDVI and similar indices
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Measures electrical conductivity. Very widely used for soil sensing
for PA worldwide. Does not require contact with soil.
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EM38 (Geonics, Canada)
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Measures electrical resistivity. Resistivity = 1/conductivity
Sensor depends on good contact with soil. Can be a problem in dry conditions
NB ‘tillage’
Veris 3100 (Veris Technologies, USA)
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EM38 vs VERIS – Burdekin, post-harvest
5.5 m spacing ~ 9 km/h 1 Hz
15 m spacing ~ 20 km/h 1 Hz
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EM38 and RTKGPS survey – soil and elevation
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EM38, elevation and a changing soil profile
Elevation range = 29.2m
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EM38, elevation and a changing soil profile
Elevation range = 29.2m
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How it works is well understood, as are the soil properties that it responds to: Salinity Clay content (and mineralogy) Moisture
You can not make a priori assumptions as to what it will tell you for any individual survey. Ground truthing (including laboratory analysis ?) is required for this. If someone tells you it will sense soil pH or mineral N content, they
don’t know what they are talking about (although these things mightcorrelate with something it can sense).
Electromagnetic soil survey has been used for many years
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A powerful incentive for adoption
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Thermal monitoring for irrigation decision making
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Trees and GPS systems do not go well together
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Thank youRob BramleySenior Principal Research Scientist – Precision AgricultureWaite Campust +61 8 8303 5894m +61 417 875 803e [email protected] www.csiro.au/people/Rob.Bramley.aspx
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD