Privately Protected Marine Areas – Why do we need them?
Sibylle Riedmiller, Chumbe Island Coral Park, www.chumbeisland.com
• 25% of the world’smarine fish species
• Livelihood for 500 million people
• < 45% still healthy …but threatened & disappearing
• ~19% already dead(coral bleaching, over/destructive fishing,
pollution)
By 2020: at least 10%2020: at least 10% of coastal & marine areas protected 2017: 2017: 13.2%13.2% under national jurisdiction covered,
5.3%5.3% of the total global ocean area
Worldwide Coral Reef Crisis
States are failing conservation
• Poor PA governancePoor PA governance, “Paper parks“, PA Degrading, Down-sizing and Degazettement (PADDD)
• Common myth “PAs are a luxury“Common myth “PAs are a luxury“ that need to be subsidized
• PAs massively subsidize government budgets, mostly through tourismtourism
• Lack of no-take zones• Lack of funding
Tourism can directly support coral reef conservation
Most MPAs are not functional
• Poor enforcement• Lack of community involvement
Balmford / IUCN (2015)556 state-run PA’s
51 countries
Chumbe Island Coral Park - Zanzibar/TanzaniaPrivately Protected Marine Park under “MCA”Privately Protected Marine Park under “MCA”
• Not-for-profitNot-for-profit social biz: 100% financed by ecotourism since 2000
• Management PlansManagement Plans 1995-2027• Environmental Education programEnvironmental Education program
> 7.200 pupils, 1.200 teachers, 860 community members
• Multi-Award-winning & certified as GER by TLR• Recognition as exemplary PES - UN Secretary
Report on Coral Reefs for Rio+20
• Exceptional biodiversity• Effective management
MPA = ‘Spill-over effect’ • TerrestrialTerrestrial (potential human-wildlife conflicts)
versusversus marinemarine: re-stocking adjacent areas, fishers benefit directly
• Good potential for alliance between fishers & PPA tourism investors, attractive investmentattractive investment if conditions favourable
Landmark Resolution 36, 2016
Supporting PPAs
• Include PPAs in reporting about protected area coverageInclude PPAs in reporting about protected area coverage to WDPA & CBD
• Adopt policies that recognise, encourage and monitor PPAsAdopt policies that recognise, encourage and monitor PPAs as key contribution to national and international conservation targets
• Integrate PPAsIntegrate PPAs into national, provincial and local PA systems
• Create or promote legal and financial incentivesCreate or promote legal and financial incentives formaintenance and strengthening of PPAs
National policies to be addressed• Conservation policies, laws & regulationsConservation policies, laws & regulations to allow & encourage
PPAs & Marine Conservation Agreements (MCA)• Land tenure rightsLand tenure rights: improve security of tenure for PPAs • Investment policiesInvestment policies: improve biz climate for PPAs• Tourism policiesTourism policies: Mainstream sustainable & socially responsible
tourism • Tax lawsTax laws: create incentives for PPAs, e.g. PES
For our Blue Planet
Change the policies,Change the policies,not the climate!not the climate!
National policies to be addressed• Conservation policies, laws & regulationsConservation policies, laws & regulations to allow & encourage
PPAs & Marine Conservation Agreements (MCA)• Land tenure rightsLand tenure rights: improve security of tenure for PPAs • Investment policiesInvestment policies: improve biz climate for PPAs• Tourism policiesTourism policies: Mainstream sustainable & socially responsible
tourism • Tax lawsTax laws: create incentives for PPAs, e.g. PES
For our Blue Planet
Change the policies,Change the policies,not the climate!not the climate!