Download - GIS and Crime Mapping
GIS and Crime Mapping“Any sufficiently advanced technology is
indistinguishable from magic.” ~ Arthur C. Clark
Fei Bu and Coriana Fitz
How crime mapping differs from other maps
http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=639&q=GIS+layers&gbv=2&oq=GIS+layers&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=1&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=34164l37113l0l37284l10l9l0l4l4l0l281l780l2.1.2l5l0
General Map
Crime Map
Before the Beginning…
Choropleth maps display quantities of things in areas.
divided into polygons, then shaded to show trends
First Chloropleth maps: 1829 Adriano Balbi and André Michel Guerry
Chloropleth map depicting property crimes in France, made by Guerry.
Chamard, Sharon. The History of Crime Mapping and Its Use by American Police Departments, Alaska Justice Forum. 2006 http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/23/3fall2006/a_crimemapping.html
André-Michel Guerry, Wikipedia. 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry
Pin maps/Point maps
Pin map of the United States
Map in which points represent particular geographical locations.
First pin map: Sophonsiba Breckenridge and Edith Abbott
All that with no computers!
Chamard, Sharon. The History of Crime Mapping and Its Use by American Police Departments, Alaska Justice Forum. 2006 http://justice.uaa.alaska.edu/forum/23/3fall2006/a_crimemapping.html
No more mess in the office!
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&biw=1366&bih=639&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=messy+office&oq=messy+office&aq=f&aqi=&aql=1&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=2965l4447l0l4572l6l6l0l0l0l0l171l421l4.1l5l0
Targeting Crime Integrating data
Arranging the police forces properly
Easier to research
Decreasing the crime rate effectively
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=crime+GIS&hl=en&sa=X&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&tbnid=-RGnsMePLTy1EM:&imgrefurl
CompStatJack Maple was the Deputy Police Commissioner in
New York City for Crime Control Strategies. He created CompStat.
CompStat (Computer Statistics) is a dynamic approach to crime reduction, quality of life improvement, and personnel and resource management.
Maple co-authored the book The Crime Fighter and inspired CBS’ TV series The District.
Cast of The District, the TV series inspired by Maple’s experience.
CompStat, Wikipedia. 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompStat Jack Maple, Wikipedia, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Maple
Economic crimeAnalyze and
generalize the enormous transaction data
As a reference evidence in court
http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/mtbd/200901/20090100047266.shtml
Crime mapping used by citizens
Learn more about Community safety
Consider it as a criterion when move to a new community
Increasing use of Crime mapping
By 2002, At least 13 percent of the police departments in the U.S. are now using GIS to solve crimes, according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).
Negative aspects
The skill it takes to learn GIS is often underestimated. Integrating the mapping into departmental routine requires substantial effort.
It is essential to have working computers and programs to use GIS. If the database gets hacked, a virus infects the computer system, or power outage occurs, the GIS functionality decreases.
Crime prevention GIS can:Record and map police activity and crime incidents.Identify crime hotspotsUnderstand crime distribution, explore methods,
reasons, and trends in criminal activity.Monitor the impact of crime reduction projects.Use maps to communicate to the public crime rates in
their area.
That guy needs better crime prevention strategies.
Hey, that’s my
donut!
Chainey, Spencer, Ratcliffe, Jerry. GIS and Crime Mapping. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. 2005
SummaryThere are several additional layers in maps used to
fight crime.Choropleth and Pin maps were used before GIS to find
trends in crime.GIS can be used to track criminals. CompStat is an
effective way to monitor crime. It’s used by police departments in most major cities.
GIS can prevent traditional crime and new-type crime.Citizens uses crime map to learn the community
safety.The difficulty in leaning GIS applications and the
potential for computer failure are negative aspects.