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Globalization Perspectives
and Narratives
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Primary Objectives of the
LectureOutline the main features of the liberal
hyperglobalist position through a
examination of the work of Oheme Highlight the main features of critical
(semi) hyperglobalist position through a
brief analysis of the work of SusanStrange
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Outline the main features of the sceptical
approach to globalization through a
examination of the work of Hirst andThompson
Assess the extent to which the original
hyperglobalist and sceptical positions on
globalization have been superceded by morenuanced transformationalist accounts of
globalization
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Structure of the Lecturer
Section One
Briefly contextualize the emergence of
Ohemes borderless world idea by
examining lineages of idea of globalization Examination of Oheme the Man and the
context out of which his work emerged
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Examination of his Work
Examination of Work of Susan Strange
and her Ontological Assumptions
Criticism of Hyperglobalist Approach
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Section Two
Examination of Hirst and Thompson Work
Criticism of their Work
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Section Three
Exploration of Transformation Position
and criticism of its internal coherence
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Section One
The Prehistory of Globalization Theory
Marx 1848 The Bourgeoisie creates a world
after its own image Weber: Exercise of Power in Modern
Societies
Rostow: Mass consumption society 1960s Bell: The End of Ideology 1960s
McLuhan: Global Village 1960s
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With exception of McLuhan it difficult tolabel any of these as globalization
theorists but read in hindsight it possibleto see how aspects arguments resonatewith contemporary globalizationdebates
However, they do discuss Convergenceof a sort
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The coming of Ohmae
Japanese, PhD from MIT, Senior
Partner in McKinsey. Wife name isJeannette
Wrote The Borderless World 1990
Context: Collapse of Soviet Union andstrong free market governments in USand UK
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Basic Argument: The title does not lie
But more detail.
The nation state has become an
unnatural, even dysfunctional, unit for
organizing human activity and
managing economic endeavor in aborderless world
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Attempts to regulate counterproductive
The national economy is a myth and the
nation state is finished.
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For Ohmae the world consists of a number ofregion states which may transcend nationalboundaries or not (the Southeast England)that are immersed in deep networks withother region states throughout the world
It is important to aware of Ohmae unusualuse of term state
Ohmae is very positive developments. Hesees the emergence of borderless world asunambiguously good.
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Susan Strange
Professor at Warwick!
Summary of her position theimpersonal forces of world market arenow more powerful than the states to
whom ultimate political authority oversociety is supposed to belong
The state is not likely to disappearhowever it is in retreat and has become
defective
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Strange was not a normative supporter of freemarket capitalism, she was social democratic
In arguing that the state can no longerregulate markets and protect citizens she isnot arguing that the state ought not to thesethings
Also pessimistic about InternationalOrganizations
Importantly Strange sees state and marketrelationship as zero sum
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Strange was also a
keen student of
global mafias
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She makes the point that the same
processes that have facilitated
globalization of legitimate firms havefacilitated the creation of increasingly
elaborate global criminal networks
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Criticisms of
Hyperglobalisations Quite simply they exaggerate the extent to
which a unified global market exists (see Hirstand Thompson below)
Ohmae fundamentally misunderstands thenature of regional states and the role ofcentral government in creating and sustainingthem
Ohmae method is problematic. He simplyproceeds by ascertain
States retain far more power then Ohmae
and Strange believe
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They fail to understand ontological
relationship between state and market
properly Particularly Ohmae fails to understand
geo and cultural politics
Quite simply states retain far morepower than they give them credit for
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Section Two
Hirst and Thompson
It is important to make clear at the onset that
both are (are in Paul Hirst case were. R.I.P2003 57) social democrats
The idea of Globalization is essentially a
myth, which serves powerful interests. The
global economy is less integrated than in the
C19th. The exceptional period was 1920-60.
This is normality.
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The argument is very empirically based
They fight the idea of globalization on four
fronts. Through a examination of patterns offinance, trade, migration and directinvestment
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Trade to GDP in 1913 and 1995
France 35.4% and 36.6%
Germany 35.1% and 38.7%
Japan 31.4% and 13.1%
UK 44.7% to 42.6%
US 11.2% to 19.0%
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Financial Globalization
Remains a significant correlation
between domestic savings andinvestments
Between 1991-5 for every dollar saved
67 cents would been investeddomestically
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As for multinationals
The gross product of foreign affiliates
accounted for 6% of global GDP in1994
Practically no investment in the majority of
the 3rd World
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Finally on the mobility of people legal
immigration to US has declined from
over million a year turn of C19th andC20th to 600000 in 1980
They argue that countries continue to
control borders
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Criticisms of Hirst and
Thompson They capture the moment but not the
trend
Too empirical They only engage most radical of
globalization theorists
Question marks quality, interpretationand validity of much empirical work.Much of it is now dated
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They ignore technology
Question marks about the implications
of their work for governance Real world events suggest a neo-liberal
convergence of sorts
Fundamentally misunderstand theposition of the third world
I wish, I wish, I wish I was in Kansas
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Take a Two min break
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Section Three
Transformationalists Very Broad Grouping difficult to offer any
clear definition of the school
Sense in which the present era isquantitatively and qualitatively different fromwhat has gone before
Globalization is not a teleological process,
contested no fixed end point Multifaceted process but different scholarsemphasize different aspects of the process
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The state is not in retreat, still less is itobsolete
However it is changing Beyond this it is difficult to say that
much about transformalist positionbecause extreme diversity within thegroup
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Some transformalists argue thatchanges are very radical and leading to
convergence of different states arounda new liberal model. A example wouldbe Jayasuryia. Others stress theincremental nature changes and would
stress that different models ofcapitalism remain viable, example(Weiss)
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Some stress the significance of developmentof suprastate governance structures and thepossibilities of developing emancipatory
systems of international governance (RordenWilkinson). Some are less optimist (PhillipMcMichael)
In a sense many of the old debates ofskeptics and hyperglobalists are beingreplayed in a less extreme form and undernew rules
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Different transformationist accounts
form the core of reading for this course.
Next week session on historical roots of
globalization will help us make more
sense debates between sceptics,hyperglobalists and transformationalists
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Thursday 4 5 H2.03 Sarun Haetanurak Katrina Mooleedhar Jie Yu Deepa Arjan Joanna Eames Nina Rathbone Tom Callow Astrid Nordin Mark Williams Toby Danell Stuart Baker Oilver James
James Clarke Joseph Bainers Arjumand Amin Edwin Cher Jan Maly
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Office Hours Moved again
Monday 4-5, Weds 5-6
www.u8development.org.uk
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Feel free to substitute the Introduction
to Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and
Perraton for the current Held reading
Also feel free skip final chapter Hirst
and Thompson if pushed for time