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Globalization in tourism

Globalization isProcess of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by informational technology.

Tourism is one of the most important areas that Globalization affect. Even could be said that the tourism is established with globalization and its rapid growth support the globalization. Besides it provide to meet different cultures. Also important changes and fast development can be observed in countries which aim to support the tourist demands and needs.

Two principal instruments of globalization

International trade

Media communication

General manager of the International Monetary Fund, states that regional integration constitutes an important step towards global integration: “developing countries cannot escape globalization and should not try to avoid it”.

Regionalization and Globalization

They are not opposite but rather complementary processes. Regionalization is an integral part of globalization. Globalization implies action in very vast, but concretely delineated spaces, enabling common decisions at a regional level.

Intensification factors for

globalization and

competition increasement

The development of technical and informational

systems

The increasement in business

travelling: the development of transport and

tourism

The development of mondial

communication and distribution

systems

The appearance and

development of mondial products

The opening of the borders

and the liberalisation of circulation

International tourism number of arrivals

Effect of globalization on tourism

The world economies which liberalized the cultural and political relations increasing between counties and developing transport and communications, in one side were increasing the interests’ of people to new countries and also was facilitating the way to reach them

In global conditions, the economic growth attend faster growing behavior. The increase of the welfare of individuals played an important role in grow and development of the world tourism

Globalization produce the

inequality of income between countries in

the world last 50 years, it caused the

flow of tourists from rich to poor countries.

Difficulties of global organization

Communication difficulties, little control over decisions.

Political instabilities

Different labour patterns, product supplies,

costs, religions, customs, work ethics, languagesLack of codes and standards

supply factors

worldwide acting suppliers

the impact of computerized

information and reservation

systems

emerging new destinations

decreasing costs of air travel

demand factors

increasing income and wealth

Tourists are more experienced and knowledgeable

Influence of globalization for demand and supply

Characteristics of globalization in tourism

Economy

Technology

Politics

Ecology

Culture

Global tourist: uniform traveller behaviour

• Tourism as "global syndrome of ecology problem"

• Climate changes and their effects on destinations

• Global tourism markets

• Global players and strategic alliances

• Global tourism management

• Competition• Global booking systems

• Standardized technologies in transport systems• Increasing importance of

international tourism organizations

• Necessity for global coordination and regulation of passenger circulation

Most popular tourist origins by tourists numbers (millions)

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Most popular tourists destinations by tourist numbers (millions)

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Main tourists flows from different countries

Types of alliances

1.The strategic level of organizationsand is exemplified by the growth of consortia-type organizations. In the simplest form of this strategy, firms are tied together by a common reservation and marketing system

2.Operational level, when two organizations with different products but similar management styles or philosophies join forces under one roof with the intention of reducing overheads and increasing profits.

Strategic alliances, franchising, management contracts, joint ventures

and acquisition.

Benefits from alliances

The spreading of marketing costs over a larger base

Reduction in the potential problem of acquiring labour and management expertise

Minimization of the problems associated with any multicultural difference

Rapid growth of tourism poses a threat to the environment, social and international relations. Nevertheless, we have to benefit from globalization in the following ways:

WTO (World Tourism Organization) should accept the principles of economic, ecological and social sustainable development and in this way contribute to the world becoming a better and more pleasant environment;The government should boost the development and progress of tourism industry in countries by investing in new tourism infrastructure, particularly in underdeveloped regions and in this way help improve the positioning in the international market

Conclusion

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