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Glucose Monitoring Within a Handspring Visor
Members: Jeff Haar
Josh Lemke
Jeremy Saunier
Adam Smith
Advisors: Dr. John Estell
Dr. David Kisor
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Diabetes in the United States
• Over 17 Million Americans have Diabetes
• Effects how the Body Regulates Blood Sugar Levels
• Currently No Cure
• Best Treated with Monitoring and Management
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Proposed Device
• Take Current Meters and combine with a PDA
• Utilize Intuitive User Interface
• Obtain the Glucose Reading Accurately
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Medical Issues
• Intended to Help Diabetics Manage Diabetes
• Must be Reliable
• Same Disclaimer as Common Meters– “Not Intended to Replace Test by Doctor”
• Would Require FDA Approval
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Setbacks to our Design
• Abbott Laboratories– Slow to Support
• Development Board– Received with 3 Weeks
Left in the Quarter– Software Shipped Earlier
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Analog Hardware
• Designed to use Proprietary “Strips”
• Patent Information was used
• Need Further Support of Abbott Laboratories
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Examining Patents
• Patent Instructs– Apply 600 mV – Wait 5 – 60 Seconds – Measure Current
Through Circuit
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Building Prototype
• Modeled Strip as Variable Resistance
• Added a 875Ω Resistor to Measure Current
• Measured Voltage Drop of 0 – 14 mV
~607 mV
875 Ω
R1 (~50kΩ – 10MΩ)(electrode modeled as a variable resistor)
Vout - to A/D converter
I1 (~0 - 16μA)
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Digital Hardware
• Function Requirements
• Components Used
• Components Description
• Block Diagram
• Verification
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Hardware Requirements
• Storage Memory
• Interface to Analog Hardware
• Interface to Visor
• Low Power Consumption
• Low Production Cost
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Component Functionality
• CPLD Interface– Xilinx CoolRunner
• SRAM Temporary Storage– 4 mb Toshiba SRAM
• Flash ROM Store Program– 32 mb Toshiba CMOS FLASH MEMORY
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Component Functionality Cont…
• 12 bit - A/D Converter – Maximum Resolution of .5mV
• Needed 500 for Glucose levels 0 – 500• Utilizes 1.15 V Reference
– Required Accuracy• 0-14mV For Analog Signal
– To obtain Required Accuracy• Gain of 20 (0 - 14 mV) x 20 = (0 – 280)mv• 280 ÷ .5 = 560 Discrete levels
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Block Diagram
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The CPLD Interface
• Communicate With Handspring– Triggering System
• A/D Driver– Used Xilinx Provided Program
• SRAM Driver– Used Xilinx Provided Program
• Flash Rom Drive– Untested
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VerificationSimulated Verification
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Glucose Reading mg/dl
Vo
ltag
e (m
V)
Calculated
Measured
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Software Development
• Functional Requirements
• Non-Functional Requirements
• GUI Functions
• Program Overview
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Functional Requirements
• Information Storage– Glucose Reading– Date/Time– Comments– Type
• Information Retrieval– Graphically Display Data
• Backup to PC
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Non-Functional Requirements
• Simple and Intuitive to Use
• Quick to Input Reading
• Palm Appearance
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GUI Interface
• Built our own GUI– Buttons– Drop Down Lists– Graphs
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Program Flow
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Future Considerations
• Production Costs
• Hardware Improvements
• Software Improvements
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Estimated Production Cost
Item SourceApproximate
Price
Module Case Novus Technology $ 0.72
Xilinx Chip XCR3064XL-VQ100 Xilinx $ 4.15
Springboard connectorsJST Products or ATL technology
$ 1.00
EEPROM Memory ~1 MB Mouser (Distributor) $ 5.00
Strip reader A/D Converter Abbott Unknown
Circuit board and assembly Springboard Partner $2
Resistors and Other Components Unknown $1
Total ≈ $15
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Future Software Improvements
• Web Interface– Ecivon SQL database– Over both hot sync feature and wireless web access
• PC Interface– Conduit to upload to PC
• Help information within program• Allow multiple users• Manual Entries
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Future Hardware Improvements
• Purge design off development board– Create printed circuit board for module – Use CPLD to average and store readings / eliminate SRAM as
temporary storage location
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Future Hardware Improvements
• Initialization– Store software in module’s Flash ROM– Begin reading immediately when strip is inserted
• Improve Power consumption– Test power consumption of module
• Adapt design to meet specs of partnering Drug Company – Can’t create our own strips
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Conclusion
• Currently have proof of concept device• Software functional• Accurate hardware depends on proprietary strips
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For Further Information:
• http://www2.onu.edu/~stu5583/senior
Any Questions?
• References– http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/diabetes/pubs/dmstats/dmstats.htm – Bayer, U.S. Patent No. 5,120,420 (June 9, 1992)
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Software Decision Matrix
Code Warrior Web Clippings Pocket C
Functionality 10 3 7
Usability 1 10 7
Price 1 5 7
Time Frame 10 10 7
Dev. Board 5 0 10
Total 27 No consideration 38
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Software Block Diagram
Start
Databasepresent
Welcome screen
Create database
Button tapExit
Enter commentsand type
Insert Stripe
Do you want tosave
Store record tothe database
View data screen
Button Tap
Button TapGoto next or
previous record
Change to a newdate
Sure want todelete
Delete record andgoto the next
record
Graph screen
Button tap
Button tap
Take lines away orput lines back
Show specificreading
information
Goto the next orprevious time
frame
Zoom in or out today, week, or
month
No
Yes
No
View Data
Create Data
Exit
DonePick Date
Next/Previous Delete
Graph
+/-
ClickPointDone
Lines
Yes
No
GlucoMon Flow Chart
Other
Other
View readinginformation
Yes
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Software Verification
• Sample Database Created– 2404 Records Spanning 2+ Years– 109 Kilobytes in size– Tested Leap Year
• Platform Testing– Used POSE to Test Different Operating
Systems
• Total Installed Program Size– 117 Kilobytes
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Extended Economic Information
Item SourceApproximate
Price
Code Warrior Software Development System Metrowerks $499
Palm OS Emulator Palm Free
Handspring Visor PDA Visor $200.00
Insight Technologies Development board Included PocketC Environment
Insight $ 350.00