GOOD URBAN GOVERNANCE (promoted since late ‘90s)
Good Urban
Governance PrinciplesPopularly presented in a
holistic approach as:
Participation
Transparency and
Accountability
Sustainability
Equity
Subsidiarity
Efficiency
Security
Social Justice
Popular Participation
Economic Productivity
Ecological Sustainability
Cultural Vibrancy
(interdependent & mutually reinforcing)
(adopted in many different ways)
Since then, a plethora of efforts were
developed:
Green Cities, Sustainable Cities, Resilient
Cities, Green and Resilient Cities
Inclusive Cities, Compassionate Cities
Competitive Cities, Smart Cities
Healthy Cities
Gender Sensitive Cities
Children Friendly Cities, etc
Good Urban Governance still “in vogue”
It comes in different flavors, purposes, etc
We can even “mix and match” them
It also pull out innovativeness in people
City Focused Governance Systems
• Participation is utmost important. It leverage on community
involvement for better outcomes, and create a more active
engagement of citizens
• Transparent, accountable and responsive governance system
can enhance competitiveness and attract more investments
• Sustainability allows a holistic approach, integrating social,
economic & environmental aspects in urban planning
• To practice the subsidiarity principle better, local leaders need
a certain degree of local autonomy that allow better horizontal
& vertical linkages, and enable cities to "do more for less“
Good Urban Governance Principles
Continue to be Relevant
Indonesia’s Experience (‘2000):
Decentralizing from national level directly to 491
autonomous municipal level (398 districts & 93 cities); with 34
provinces doing coordinating functions
This is recognizing Indonesia’s diversity & widespread
geography too wide to cover centrally
Decentralization of political, administrative and fiscal powers
was supposed to enable municipal leaders to work in a more
“manageable size” of public service deliveries
Local Autonomy & Decentralization
Learning from Indonesia’s Decentralization (‘2000):
it was a huge process, in a rather sudden & drastic way, after
decades of centralized governance
the municipalities were struggling in coping with it, as there
are regional inequalities due to unequal capacities
some survived, many were trapped in the “power tends to
corrupt” phenomenon
Another breakthrough direct local elections (2004)
since then direct municipal leaders’ elections have been held
in over 500 regions, paving the way for better accountability
it produced a stronger competition, and city leaders prove
themselves by making innovations in the way they govern
Local Autonomy & Decentralization …cont.
Best Practices and Innovations
• Municipal leaders are now more exposed to many best
practices and innovations of other cities in the country and
around the world.
• City innovation does not mean we need to “reinvent the
wheels”. It can be repeating existing practices with a different
approach; improving, enlarging, or giving it a twist of fun
• Cities has better capacities to have a holistic approach in
development
• Cities are also more free to explore innovative policies and
practices in integrated solutions.
• Recently, EAROPH (East Asia Regional Organization for
Planning and Housing) had their Congress in Jakarta, and
recognized several cities & regencies for best practices.
Best Practices & Innovations …continued
EAROPH Recognition were given to city/regency leaders
• Surabaya, Tri Rismaharini: “Good Governance”
• Makassar, R. Pomanto: “Innovative Leadership”
• Yogyakarta, Haryadi Suyuthi: “Livable City”
•Tangerang Selatan, Airin R.Diany: “Public Private Partnership”
• Bandung, Ridwan Kamil” “City for Young & Creative People”
• Banyuwangi, Abdullah Azwar Anas: “Tourism Development”
• North Jakarta, Heru B Hartono: “Resilient City”
• Payakumbuh, Reza Falevi: “Regional Waste Management”
• Bantaeng, HM. Nurdin Abdullah; “Infrastructure Development”
• Semarang, Hendrar Prihadi: “Coastal Management”
• Pekalongan, Basyir Ahmad: “City for Small & Medium Enterprises”
similarities: they all apply good urban
governance & sustainable development principles
• In 2015, the UN will replace the Millenium Development
Goals with SDGs, where there is a goal to "Make cities and
human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable'.
• It has 11 targets to be reached by 2030, including targets of
common urban challenges like access to public housing &
basic services; sustainable transport system, sustainable
urbanization, etc.
• It also targets on municipal waste management, resilience to
disasters, green open spaces, air quality, and others.
Urban Solutions in SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
Both a challenge & opportunity for cities around
the world: to develop more national, regional and
global linkages and knowledge sharing
Urban
Dinamics
Challenges Ahead
LivabilityResource
Inputs
Waste Outputs
land, water, food,
energy, building
material, other
resources
transportation priorities,
economic priorities,
cultural priorities
health, employment, income,
education, housing, leisure
activities, accessibility, urban
design quality and communities
solid waste, liquid waste,
toxics, sewage, air pollutants,
greenhouse gases, waste heat
and noise
Extended Metabolism Model of Human Settlements
from Sustainability and Cities (1999)
Urbanization
don’t face it alone… build horizontal &
vertical linkages
For ADB, CDIA & partners:
More, wider, deeper knowledge sharing and outreach
Up-scaling best practices and innovations
Facilitate/ bridge municipalities with access to resources
For city leaders:
Creation of more value with fewer resources and less impact
(doing more with less),
Continuously seek environmental improvements that
generate social as well as economic benefits,
Promote innovation, growth and competitiveness in cities
while protecting the environment
Challenges Ahead