Download - Grammar Book 2
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Carlota Shoup
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El Imperfecto El Pretérito
-Car, -Gar, -Zar Spock Cucaracha Snake/Snakey
Modal Verbs Los Adverbios Progressives
Present Past
Future Irregular Conditional
Superlatives Formal Commands Prepositions Demonstratives
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Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions Past tense No definite beginning or end Interrupted activity
(Cuándo)
Ongoing action (Was/were)
Repeated (Used to)
-ar -er/-ir-aba -ía-abas -ías-aba -ía
-ábamos -íamos-aban -ían
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-ar -er/-iré Í
aste iste
ó ióamos imosaron ieron
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-Car, -Gar, -Zar
Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling change in the “yo” form to keep the soung of the verb.
toCAR juGAR comenZAR
Toqué Jugué Comencé
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Tocó Jugó Comenzó
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron
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Spock Irregular Verbs
Ser
Ir
Hacer:Hice
HicisteHizo
HicimosHicieron
Ver & Dar:D/V i
D/V isteD/V io
D/V imosD/V ieron
Ser & Ir:Fui
FuisteFue
FuimosFueron
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La Cucaracha VerbsAndar Anduv-Estar Estuv-Poder Pud-Poner Pus-Querer Quis-Saber Sup-Tener Tuv-Venir Vin-
Decir Dij-Traer Traj-
Conducir Conduj-Producir Produj-Traducir Traduj-
-e
-iste
-o
-imos
-isteis
-eron
-ieron-i
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Snake/Snakey
• Dormir• Dormí• Dormiste• Durmió• Dormimos• Dumieron
•Leer•Leí•Leiste•Leyó•Leimos•Leyeron
To write the 3rd
person preteriteform of –er and –irverbs with stems
that end in a vowel, change the
“i” to a “y”
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Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer + infinitive (want to do something)
Deber + infinitive (should do something)
Tener que + infinitive (to have to do something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)
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-ly in English….-mente in Spanish
When 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd
uses the “–mente” ending. Example: El autor escribió rápida y fácilmente.
The author wrote quickly and easily.
Irregular: (do not follow the pattern of most adverbs) Mucho- a lot Muy- very Mal- bad Bastante- quite/enough Bien- good/well Ya- already Tan- so Demasiado- too
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Present Describes what is happening now Estar/Ser + -ando/-iendo/-yendo “yendo” because 2 vowels (spacer) Example: Estoy hablando a tí.
I am talking to you
Past (Imperfect): Combine “estar” with a present participle Drop –ar, -er, -ir ending and attach
appropriate ending Estaba hablando a tí.
I was talking to you
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“Will” Infinitive +
Example: Cantaré- I will sing
Irregular: Decir dir- Hacer har- Poner ponar- Salir saldr- Tener tendr- Valer vendr- Poder podr- Querer querr- Saber sabr-
éásáemosán
éásáemoséisán
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Used when you want to say that something has the most or the least of a certain quality El más………………………El menos Los más……………………Los menos La más…………………….La menos Las más…………………..Las menos
To use a noun with the superlative form, put it after the article.
When you refer to an idea or concept, use the neuter article “lo”.
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In usted/ustedes form, put in the “yo” form
and make feminine.
Example: trabajar – trabajo – trabaja
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Abajo Arriba A la derecha (de) A la izquierda (de) Al lado (de) Cerca (de) Debajo (de) Delante (de) Dentro (de) Detrás (de) Encima (de) Entre Fuera (de) Lejos (de)
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This That That Over ThereEste Ese AquelEsta Esa Aquella
These Those Those Over ThereEstos Esos AquellosEstas Esas Aquellas