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Phonetics
PhoneticsThis is the study of speech sounds.
PhoneticsThis is the study of speech sounds.
Not sound in general. (That’s acoustics.)Not speech in general. (That’s linguistics.)
But specifically the sounds of human speech.
Vowel
VowelThis is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.
VowelThis is a speech-sound made
with the vocal chords.
Note that a vowel ≠ letter.Vowels are sounds.
Consonant
ConsonantThese are the other speech-
sounds.
ConsonantThese are the other speech-
sounds.
Like [p], [b], [f], [v], [k], [g], [t], [d], [þ], [ð], [x], [γ], [l], [r], [m], [n], [s], [z], [š], [ž], [β] and so forth.
Voiced Consonant
Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.
Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.
Such as [b], [v], [g], [d], [ð], [γ], [z], [ž], and so forth.
Unvoiced Consonant
Unvoiced ConsonantConsonant that does not
vocal chord vibration.
Unvoiced Consonant
Such as [p], [f], [k], [t], [þ], [x], [s], [š], and so forth.
Consonant that does notvocal chord vibration.
Syllable
SyllableOne vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).
SyllableOne vowel sound,
with accompanying consonant(s) (if any).
antidisestablishmentarianism:an / ti / dis / e / stab / lish /
men / tä / ri / an / is / m
Noun
NounWord for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)
NounWord for a person, place or thing.
(NB nomen also means “name.”)
sky, earth, ocean, justice
Number
NumberSingular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)
NumberSingular or Plural.
(Some languages also have other categories.)
dog / dogsman / menshe / they
Person
1: the speaker(s),2: the addressee(s), or
3: other(s).
Person
Person
1: me/us2: you (thou/y’all)
3: him/her/it/them
1: the speaker(s),2: the addressee(s), or
3: other(s).
Pronoun
PronounWord that stands in for a noun.
PronounWord that stands in for a noun.
[Examples to come later, when we get different kinds of pronouns.]