Download - GREECE
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The Geography of Greece
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Bronze Age Greece
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Minoan World: 2000-1400 B.C.E.
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Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
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Aerial View of Knossos
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Knossos: Minoan Civilization
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Minoan Civilization
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Palace of King Minos – North Entrance
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Palace of King Minos -
Interiors
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Palace of King Minos – Throne Room
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Minoan Ladies
Women had rights…
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Minoan Culture - Religion
Minoan PriestMinoan PriestMinoan Minoan
Snake Mother Snake Mother GoddessGoddessReligion was based on worshiping the Mother Goddess…
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Bull Cult
…and based on worshiping the Bull.
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Bull Jumping Fresco
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Minoan
Trade
““Bireme” Bireme” shipship
Coast of Coast of CreteCrete
Minoan success was based on trade, not conquest.
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Minoan Artistic “Motifs”
Dolphins represent good fortune and show the importance of the sea.
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Early Writing System:
“Linear A” (Undecipherable)
CannoCannon?n?
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What caused
the End of the
Minoan Civilization
??
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The Mycenaean World:
1500-1100 BCE
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View of MycenaeArchaeological Archaeological
“site”“site”
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Aerial View of Mycenae
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Mycenae
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Approach to the Lion’s Gate
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Lion’s Gate Entrance to
Mycenae
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Mycenaean Writing System:
“Linear B”
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The Mycenaean Civilization
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The Trojan War
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What were the
real & mythicalcauses of
theTrojan War??
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HistoricallyHistorically•It is said that Troy It is said that Troy
controlled trade from controlled trade from the Black Sea to the the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Mediterranean.
•This area was known as This area was known as the “Vital Straits”the “Vital Straits”
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Helen of Troy: “The Face That Launched 1000
Ships”WhatWhatdid did she she look look like?like?
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Greek Ships Landing on Greek Ships Landing on Beaches of TroyBeaches of Troy
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Plan of the City of Troy
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The Nine “Layers” of Ancient
TroyHomer’s Homer’s TroyTroy(VII)(VII)
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Original Wall of the City of Troy
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Wall of Troy Recreated
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Dome of King Priam’s
Treasury
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King Priam’s Treasure
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Mask of Agamemnon
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Brutal
Combat
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Troy Grave Circles
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The “Trojan Horse”?
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Sir Heinrich Schliemann
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Homer: The “Heroic Age”
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Homer, the Blind Poet
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Homer’s Great Epics
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Homer’s View of the World
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Migrations in the Aegean Region Invasion of the
Dorians(DORIANS}(DORIANS}
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Greek Culture
Declined
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Greek Culture Declined•Greeks lived in Small Greeks lived in Small
Isolated Villages.Isolated Villages.•Reading and Writing Reading and Writing
Declined.Declined.•Stories were passed on Stories were passed on
by word of mouth.by word of mouth.
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Early GovernmentsEarly Governments
• MonarchyMonarchy-government in which a king -government in which a king or queen exercises central power.or queen exercises central power.
• AristocracyAristocracy-rule by a landholding -rule by a landholding elite.elite.
• OligarchyOligarchy-power is in the hands of a -power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite, usually a small, powerful elite, usually a business class. business class.
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SPARTA: A Nation of Soldiers
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SPARTA
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SPARTA
Helots – Mycenaean's enslaved by the Spartans.
Spartans- Dorians that conquered Laconia.
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SpartaSparta• Sparta was a Military State. From a Sparta was a Military State. From a
young age children (boys) were young age children (boys) were trained in military tactics.trained in military tactics.
• Women would exercise and keep Women would exercise and keep their bodies in good physical health.their bodies in good physical health.
• Only men could vote.Only men could vote.
• Sparta's government had two kings Sparta's government had two kings and a council of elders.and a council of elders.
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Sparta’s MilitarySparta’s Military
Phalanx- massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers.
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ATHENS: A limited Democracy
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View of the PastView of the Past
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Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Corruption in Athens
aristocracy had too much power, people called for reform.
$ Solon- first to reform the government, made a move for democracy. (594 BCE)
$ Pisistratus-further helped the common citizens by offering loans to the poor. (546BCE)
$ Cleisthenes- Established the Council of 500 and created the first (limited) democracy.
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Why was it only a limited Democracy?
$ Only male citizens could
vote.$ Only male citizens could
participate in the government.
$ Slavery was still legal.$ Women had no share in life$ Only boys could go to
school, if they could afford it.
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Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
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Persian Wars: 490 BCE – 479 BCE
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Persian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)
§ 26.2 miles from Athens§ 25,000 Persians, under Persian
Leader DariusԤ Greeks were out numbered 3 to
1§ Greeks Won
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Persian Wars: Famous Battles$Thermopylae (480 BCE)
§ 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass§ 25,000+ Persians led by Xerxes§ Spartans hold them off till Sparta
was betrayed.§ Sparta Lost§ Persia Marched and burned Athens
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Persian Wars: Famous Battles$Salamis (480 BCE)
§ Athenian navy lured the Persian navy into the narrow Strait of Salamis.
§ Athenian Navy rowed their boats into the Persian Ships and sank them.
§ Athens is victorious.
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After the Persian WarsAfter the Persian Wars$Greeks felt Strong and realized
their place in the world. $Athens emerged as the most
powerful City-State.$Delian League was Established –
United Greek Allies.
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Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE –
429 BCE
Direct Democracy was established
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Golden “Age of Pericles”$Government Thrived
$Economy Thrived $Athenian assembly established:
6000 members had to be present$You were paid for government
Service.$Judge and Jury$Ostracism – Vote to send away a
government official who threatened democracy.
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ThucydidesThucydides•Historian who lived in the Historian who lived in the
Age of Pericles.Age of Pericles.•Recorded events for Recorded events for
Athens.Athens.
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Peloponnesian Wars 431 - 404 BCE (27
years)$ Greek vs. GreekGreek vs. Greek$ Sparta vs. AthensSparta vs. Athens$ Sparta got help from PersiaSparta got help from Persia
$ After the War Athens was no After the War Athens was no longer a military power. It was longer a military power. It was however, the center for Greek however, the center for Greek Culture. Culture.
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Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates (469 – 399
BCE)§ Know thyself!§ question everything§ Socratic Method of Teaching§ Only the pursuit of
goodnessbrings happiness.
§ At Age 70 he was put on trial for “corrupting the youth.”
§ He was sentenced to exile but choose suicide.
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Great Athenian Philosophers$Plato (Socrates'
Student)e The Academy (School)e The Importance of Reasone The Republic (book) His vision
of an ideal state.e Did not trust democracy
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Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle (Plato's’
Student)§ The Lyceum (School)
Study: Politics, Ethics, Logic, Biology, Literature, Math Etc.
§ “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
§ Logic.§ Scientific method.
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Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):
§ Aeschylus§ Sophocles (Father of Tragedy)§ Euripides
$ COMEDY:§ Aristophanes (Father of
Comedy)Wrote: Lysistrata
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Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$ THE SCIENCES:۩ Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem
۩ Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.
۩ Hippocrates – “Father of Medicine”
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Acropolis
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The Acropolis Today
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The Parthenon
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The Agora
Was the term for a Marketplace
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The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Greeks saw the human body as beautiful, they sculpted the body with realism and natural poses but had an idealistic approach.
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Olympia
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The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
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Olympia: Temple to Hera
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The 2004 Olympics
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Macedonia Under Philip II
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Macedonia Under Philip II
$ Philip conquered and united all of Philip conquered and united all of Greece under the Macedonia Empire Greece under the Macedonia Empire in 338 in 338 BCE.BCE.
$ Philip was assassinated, Alexander Philip was assassinated, Alexander was placed on the Throne.was placed on the Throne.
$ In 334 In 334 BCEBCE Alexander conquered the Alexander conquered the weak and often rebellious Persian weak and often rebellious Persian Empire. (Darius III was Emperor)Empire. (Darius III was Emperor)
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander the Great’s Empire
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Macedonia Under Alexander
$ In 331 In 331 BCEBCE he took Babylon. he took Babylon.
$ He conquered Egypt, Persia, India.He conquered Egypt, Persia, India.
$ Alexander faced armies that had Alexander faced armies that had Elephants and Superior numbers.Elephants and Superior numbers.
$ Alexander died of a sudden fever. His Alexander died of a sudden fever. His Empire was divided up and fought over.Empire was divided up and fought over.
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The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
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Alexander the Great in Persia
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Hellenistic Culture – assimilation of Greek, Indian, Egyptian and Persian Cultures.
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The Hellenization of Asia
Most lasting achievement was the spread of
Greek Culture.
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The Lighthouse of The Lighthouse of AlexandriaAlexandria
Alexandria Egypt was the center of Hellenistic Culture
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The Economy of the Hellenistic World
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Hellenistic Philosophers$ Stoicism - Zeno
§ nature is the expansion of divine will; just go with the flow
§ Avoid Desire.§ get involved in politics to
perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
§ true happiness is found ingreat achievements.
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Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /
Mathematicians:§ Aristarchus - heliocentric theory.
Idea that sun is center of the solar-system.
§ Euclid wrote the Element – Modern Geometry
§ Archimedes – Physics Mastered the idea of a lever and a pulley.
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$ Hellenistic Art:– More realistic; less ideal than
Greek art.
– Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age !