1 2012-11-05

30 October 2012

Lee, Seung-hwon

IACS and International Affairs Center

Green Shipping (Green House Gas)

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Table of Contents

Ⅰ Introduction

Ⅱ EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

Ⅲ GHG Reduction Technologies

ACS WG/GHG, SEEMP & EEOI Guidelines IV

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I. Introduction

Blue Marble

A Pale blue dot

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I. Introduction

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12% ~ 18% of the global total CO2 emissions in 2050 that would be required to stabilize at no more than 2℃ warming over pre-industrial levels by 2100.

Source : Second IMO GHG Study 2009 (IMO MEPC 59)

Future scenarios of CO2 emission in shipping

I. Introduction

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Technical Measures • Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

Operational Measures

Market-based Measures • GHG Fund, Emission Trading System, etc

• Ship Energy efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) • Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)

Technical Measure

Operational Measure New / Existing

Ships

Market-based Measure IMO

New Ships

New / Existing Ships

I. Introduction

Measures considered by IMO

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Source : IMO GHG Study 2012 (MEPC 63)

Annual emission reduction

Estimated average CO2 emission reductions

World fleet CO2 level projections

I. Introduction

Impact of Technical & Operational Measures

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II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

DWT

EEDI = CO2 emission / benefit of ship

EEDI Concept

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2 step approach (MEPC.1/Circ.682)

1st STEP Early Design Stage

2nd STEP Final Verification

Engine Power Nox Technical File

The Same

Capacity Intended Capacity (DWT, etc)

Stability Booklet ; or Tonnage Measurement

Speed Model Test ; or Simulation by computer

Sea Trial

Verification Y

Approval

N Correction

EEDI, Verification

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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EEOI Calculation Sample

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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SEEMP, Purpose & Framework

Purpose

to establish a mechanism for a company and/or a ship to improve the energy efficiency of a ship’s operation.

Framework

Implementation Monitoring Self-evaluation

& Improvement

Planning

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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Fuel Efficient Operations

Improved voyage planning, Weather routing, Just in time, Speed optimization , Optimized shaft power

Optimized Ship Handling

Optimum trim, Optimum ballast, Optimum propeller and propeller inflow considerations, Optimum use of rudder and heading control systems (autopilots)

Hull Maintenance

SEEMP, Examples of Best Practices (1/3)

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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SEEMP. Examples of Best Practices (2/3)

Propulsion system maintenance

Waste heat recovery

Improved fleet management

Improved cargo handling

Energy management

Fuel Type

Other measures

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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Virtual arrival: Implementation of virtual arrival can reduce GHG emissions on the tanker and bulk carrier sectors by 5% (BP, 2010). Slow steaming: Maersk Line's experience in slow steaming shows that for over 1½ year since its implementation in 2009, the relative CO2 emissions were reduced by 7% (Maersk Line, 2010). Hanjin Shipping experience: With a number of efficiency measures put in place (Hanjin, 2010), the overall emissions of the company's shipping sector in 2010 were reduced by 12% (expressed in g-CO2/teu-km) compared to 2008 levels.

(MEPC 63/INF.2) SEEMP, Examples of Best Practices (3/3)

II. EEDI, EEOI & SEEMP

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III. GHG reduction technologies

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III. GHG reduction technologies

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III. GHG Reduction Technologies

Speed Reduction (measures)

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Air Bubble Lubrication System

• M/V Yamatai, M/V Yamato • Length overall: 162.0m • Deadweight: 19,500 DWT (Source : Site of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)

Micro-bubble Lubrication System - Reduction of friction resistance up to 40% - Expects 10% energy saving (Source: National Maritime Research Institute, JAPAN)

III. GHG Reduction Technologies

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Renewable Energy Technology

Name E-Ship 1

Owner Enercon

Builder Cassens Werft in Emden, GER

Class /type Ice class E3

Tonnage 10,500 DWT

Length 130 m

Propulsion 3.5 MW diesel engines (2x) Flettner Rotors (4x) Propellers (2x)

Speed 17.5 knots (Max)

Type Rigid Sail

GT 50,000

Fuel Reduction 27%~50%

Average annual fuel costs 10 ~ 30 % (Sky sails)

Optimal wind condition up to 50 % (Sky sails)

Delft University of Technology

32 ~ 50 %

Ship speed 15 knots Rotor Wing Kite

Total cost (year 2008) [$] 91,000 85,000 1,596,000

Savings/year (oil price 200$/tonne) [$] 53,000 42,000 48,000

Return on investment [years] 1.7 2.0 33

Savings/year (oil price 300$/tonne) [$] 80,000 63,000 72,000

Return on investment [years] 1.1 1.3 22

III. GHG Reduction Technologies

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Carbon Capture and Storage

Marine CCS study just started, funded by EUREKA Eurostar program

(Source: Wikipedia)

III. GHG Reduction Technologies

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MEPC 213(63)

An Owner’s Carbon Calculator

III. GHG Reduction Technologies

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V. ACS WG/GHG SEEMP & EEOI

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V. ACS WG/GHG

MEPC 213(63, Feb 2012) IMO Guidelines for the

development of SEEMP

ACS WG/GHG has developed a draft Guidelines.

Under finalization

ACS Guidelines on SEEMP

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Section I 1.Foreword 2.Scope and Application 3.SEEMP purposes 4.List of Abbreviations. 5.List of Reference Document Section II SEEMP Development of SEEMP 1.General 2.SEEMP Application 1.Planning 2.2. Implementation 2.3. Monitoring 2.4. Self-evaluation and improvement 2.5. Voluntary reporting/review

3. Methods for energy improvement / fuel-efficient operation of ships 1.Fuel-Efficient Operations 2.Optimized ship handling 3.Hull maintenance 4.Propulsion system 5.Waste heat recovery 6.Improved fleet management 7.Improved cargo handling 8.Energy management 9.Fuel Type 10.Other measures APPENDIX I SEEMP Form

V. ACS WG/GHG

ACS Guidelines on SEEMP

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V. ACS WG/GHG

ACS Guidelines on EEOI

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V. ACS WG/GHG

ACS Guidelines on EEOI

In Port

Arrival

Voyage

Departure

Port A Port B

Departure

Arrival

In Port

Define the period for which the EEOI is calculated

Define data sources for data collection

Collect data

Convert data to appropriate format

Calculate EEOI

Definition of Voyage

Flow chart

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V. ACS WG/GHG

ACS Guidelines on EEOI

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Thank you for your attention