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Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Activities of Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Activities of
Global GAW Bukit Kototabang StationGlobal GAW Bukit Kototabang Station
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 24Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 24--25 October 201325 October 2013K M A
SUGENG NUGROHOSUGENG NUGROHO
Global GAW Bukit Kototabang, West Sumatra Global GAW Bukit Kototabang, West Sumatra –– IndonesiaIndonesia
[email protected]@bmkg.go.id
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GAW Station Bukit Kototabang GAW Station Bukit Kototabang –– Early yearsEarly years
Location survey Main building
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Location survey
Opening road access
Main building
First personnels
Dr. G.O.P. Obasi
Inaguration of GAW
Bukit Kototabang
by WMO Secretary-
General on 6
December 1996
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GAW Station Bukit Kototabang GAW Station Bukit Kototabang –– Present Present
Road Access
Main Building
TowerBMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Lobby Laboratory
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Environment : tropical rainforest on
the mountainous area
LocationLocation
BMKG
Indonesia Marine Continent
Indian
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
0.2 S, 100.32 E, 864.5 m a.s.l
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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ClimatologyClimatology
- Annual Rainfall : 2440 mm
- Daily Temperature : 21.6 OC
- Daily Humidity : 88 %
- Daily Air Pressure : 916.6 hPa
- Daily Sunshine : 3.9 hour / day
- Daily Global Solrad : 193 Watt/m2
Surface wind pattern
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Annual SeptemberFebruaryJune
General atmosphere circulation
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•• Sampled on a weekly timeSampled on a weekly time--basebase
•• Air inlet at 32 meter a.g.lAir inlet at 32 meter a.g.l
•• Send to NOAA CMDL for further analysisSend to NOAA CMDL for further analysis
•• First operation in January 2004First operation in January 2004
•• Temporary termination in February 2011Temporary termination in February 2011
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
Flask Sampling (BMKG-NOAA)
BMKG
•• Resume operation in February 2013Resume operation in February 2013
•• Parameters : COParameters : CO22, CH, CH44, N, N22O & SFO & SF66
•• Old periode data (2004Old periode data (2004--February 2011) February 2011)
ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/trace_gases/
•• New period data (February 2013 New period data (February 2013 ––
present), upadate data via present), upadate data via
sftp.cmdl.noaa.gov.sftp.cmdl.noaa.gov.
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– COCO22 Mixing RatioMixing Ratio
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result – Annual CO2
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– Comparing COComparing CO22
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– COCO2 2 Growth RateGrowth Rate
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result – Monthly Average CO2 (2004-2012)
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– δδ1313C from COC from CO2 2
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Wind dominant from Asia & Pacific
Wind dominant from
Australia & Hindia
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Result Result –– CHCH4 4 Mixing RatioMixing Ratio
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– Comparing CHComparing CH4 4
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– NN22O Mixing RatioO Mixing Ratio
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Result Result –– SFSF6 6 Mixing RatioMixing Ratio
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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NRT Monitoring (BMKGNRT Monitoring (BMKG--EMPA)EMPA)
• Using Picarro G1301 Analyzer (2011 – present)
• Collaboration between BMKG (instrument),
Empa and MeteoSwiss (standard gases and
calibration unit), with an extensive guidance
directly from Picarro, Inc.
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
• Continues monitoring, data frequency ÷ 5 sec
• Inlet at : 10, 20 and 32 meter a.g.l.
• Parameters : CO2 and CH4
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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32 m agl
20
Air Inlet
Sequencer
Standard Gases
NRT Monitoring – System Measurement
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
10
Sequencer
Analyzer
Sequence Valve
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Result : Output NRT Monitoring COResult : Output NRT Monitoring CO22 –– CHCH44 –– HH22O O
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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NRT Monitoring – Data Handling – R Program
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
R source codeStep #1
BMKG
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NRT Monitoring – Data Handling – R Program
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
R source codeStep #2
BMKG
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NRT Monitoring – Data Handling – R Program
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
R source codeStep #3
Thanks to Dr. Martin Steinbacher-EMPA
for develope R code NRT CO2-CH4 data handling
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
NRT Monitoring – Data Handling – File Data Output
BMKG
Height 10 m
Height 20 m
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Height 32 m
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GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
Data Handling – Submit to WDCGG
BMKG
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GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
Data Handling – WDCGG Data Plotting
BMKG
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Simple Analysis – CO2 diurnal variation 2012
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Photosintesis Activity??
Solar Radiation??
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Simple Analysis – CO2 vs Near IR Radiation
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
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Simple Analysis – CO2 (32 m.agl) monthly variation 2012
GHGs Measurement ActivitiesGHGs Measurement Activities
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
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Challenges on conducting GHGs Measurement
• Maintaining the observation site (against changes
in land use, wildfires)
WHAT’S NEXT?
BMKG
• Need more experts and knowledge
• NRT measurement, providing NRT instrument,
standard gases and QA/QC New NRT Intrument for
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
• Need more experts and knowledge New NRT Intrument for
N2O Measurement.
Thermo Scientific IRIS 4600
Start on Sep 2013
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THANK YOUTHANK YOUTERIMA KASIHTERIMA KASIH
BMKG
The 5The 5thth AsiaAsia--Pacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse GasesPacific GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases
Acknowledgements
BMKG KMA KGAWC WMO/GAW NOAA EMPA GAWTEC