Transcript
Page 1: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Gregorian Chant and its Notations

– Locating the Chant– Reading the Chant– Transcripting the Chant

Page 2: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Locating the Chant

The Calendar– Temporale– Sanctorale

The Liturgy– Office– Mass

Page 3: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Calendar

The Temporale

The Sanctorale

Page 4: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Liturgy: The Office Divine Office

– Matins, about 3 a.m.– Lauds, at daybreak– Prime, at 6 a.m.– Terce, at 9 a.m.– Sext, at noon– None, at 3 p.m.– Vespers, at twilight– Compline, before bedti

me

Ora et labora The sanctificatio

n of the time

Page 5: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Liturgy: The MassOrdinary chants

(9th c.)

2. Kyrie3. Gloria

9. Credo

3. Sanctus/Benedictus

6. Agnus Dei

9. Ite missa est/benedicamus

Proper chants(7th-8th c.)

1. Introitus

6. Graduale7. Alleluia

1. Offertorium

7. Communio

Prayers and readings (4th c.)I. liturgy of the Word

4. Collect5. Epistle

8. Gospel

II. liturgy of the Eucharist

2. Preface

4. Eucharistic prayer5. Pater noster

8. Post-communion

Page 6: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Liturgy: The Mass Ordinary chants

– Kyrie– Gloria

– Credo

– Sanctus-Benedictus

– Agnus Dei

Proper chants– Introitus

– Graduale– Alleluia

– Offertorium

– Communio

Page 7: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant
Page 8: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Reading the Chant

The Books– Graduale (Mass Chant)– Antiphonale (Office Chant)

Modern Tools– AMS– CAO

Modern Books

Page 9: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Books & Modern Tools The Mass

– Graduale– Antiphonale Missar

um Sextuplex• René-Jean Hesbert's

incipit edition of 6 early sources of mass chants (1935)

– Cantus-Planus (1990s)

The Office– Antiphonale– Corpus Antiphonali

um Officii• Hesbert's full text ed

ition of 12 early sources of office chants (1963-75)

– CANTUS (1980s–)– CAO-ECE (1988–)

Page 10: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Modern Books

Graduale Romanum (Solesmes 1908)– Graduale Triplex (1979)– Beiträge zur Gregorianik

since 21 (1996)

Antiphonale Monasticum (Solesmes 1934)– Psalterium monasticum (1

981) – Liber hymnarius cum invit

atoriis & aliquibus responsoriis (1982)

Paléographie musicale (Solesmes 1889-) Facsimile series

Liber usualis (Solesmes 1896-)

Page 11: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

St. Peter in Solesmes: A Benedictine abbey, it was the centre of the revival of Gregorian chant in the 19th and 20th centuries. A priory existed at Solesmes from 1010 to 1791; in 1833 Dom Prosper Gueranger (1805–75) revived Benedictine life there (cf. Peter Wagner, BGr)

Page 12: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Private Collection (MS du Mont-Renaud). Gradual and antiphoner from northern France. Text probably written in mid-10th century, neumes added late 10th or early 11th century (PalMus 16 [1955]).

Page 13: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Graduale Triplex(1979)

Page 14: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Transcription Neumes Notation

– in campo aperto– adiastematic – non metrical

St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 359. Cantatorium from St Gallen; dated very early 10th century (before 920). Neumatic notation with significative letters. Cantatorium contains only the soloists’ chants: graduals, alleluias and tracts (PalMus 2nd ser.,

2 [1924]).

Page 15: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

The Notation– adiastematic– diastematic

• gothic• roman/modern

since 13th C. The Words

– Carmina scripturarum (1907)– On-line Bibles

Page 16: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Excursus: Chant Repertories

The legend of Pope Gregory the Great depicted in the Hartker A

ntiphonerSt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 390–91 (“Hartker Antiphoner”). Antiphoner and tonary copied by Hartker, monk of St Gallen; dated 980–1011. Neumes with significative letters.

Page 17: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Centres of Scholar cantorum and Scriptorium

Page 18: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Western Chant Repertories – Mozarabic

(Old Spanish)– Gallican– Gregorian

(Frankish-Roman)• West-Frankish• East-Frankish

– Old Roman(Urban-Roman)

– Ambrosian(Milanese)

– Beneventan– Ravenna– Aquileia

Eastern Chant Repertories– Byzantine– Syrian– Coptic

(Ancient Egyptian)– Georgian– Armenian – Ethiopian– Russian/Slavonic

Page 19: Gregorian Chant and its Notations – Locating the Chant – Reading the Chant – Transcripting the Chant

Basic Literature– Crocker, Richard L. An Introduction to Gregorian Chant. N

ew Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.– Crocker, Richard L., and David Hiley. The Early Middle Age

s to 1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.– Harper, John. The Forms and Orders of Western Liturgy fr

om the 10th to the 18th Century. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.– Hiley, David. Western Plainchant : A Handbook. Oxford: Cl

arendon, 1993.– Hughes, Andrew. Medieval Manuscripts for Mass and Offic

e : A Guide to Their Organization and Terminology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982.

– Treitler, Leo. With Voice and Pen : Coming to Know Medieval Song and How It Was Made. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003


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