![Page 1: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GridPix/Gossip for
ATLAS SCT UpgradeILCCLIC
…….insulators in strong E- fields……….…….the frustration of innovation………..
Harry van der GraafNikhef, Amsterdam
IEEE-NSS ConferenceMPGD-Si Detector WorkshopDresden, Oct 18, 2008
![Page 2: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Micro Strip Gas Counters: hard to operate:
- discharges, ruining electrodes- ageing
! Very strong electric field in insulator’s volume & surface !
![Page 3: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GEMs:
- often cascade of 3 GEMs used to limit gain per GEM to ~40- ‘rim’ (dia hole Cu/kapton) critical- shape of hole wall critical- charge up effects
![Page 4: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Atsuhiko OCHIAtsuhiko OCHIKobe University, JAPANKobe University, JAPAN
13 Oct. 2008 2nd RD51 workshop in Paris
![Page 5: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GEM ProductionGEM Production
x750
100um
80um
Remove copper by wet etching
Irradiate CO2 laser
Remove remaining edge from the other side
RIKEN/SciEnergy GEM(thick-foil and fine-pitch) pitch 80um hole 40um thickness 100um
Recent Status of Development
![Page 6: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GEM test setup and parameters– Thick-foil and fine-pitch GEM
(single layer)– HV supplied through a resister
chain– Ed=2.5kV/cm, Ei=4~5kV/cm,
V⊿ GEM=300~600V
– Gas: Ar+CO2(30%) flow
– Readout by 1cm x 1cm pad
Gain measurement– Gain vs applied voltage
– X-ray from Fe-55 (5.9keV)
Gain Curve (RIKEN GEM)Gain Curve (RIKEN GEM)
Fe-55 spectrum5.9keV
gain=3x104
To keep good spatial resolution and keep discharge point at high gain.Our GEM is most suitable for Cosmic X-ray Polarimeters.
Recent Status of Development
![Page 7: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gain instability (RIKEN GEM)Gain instability (RIKEN GEM)
F. Simon (IEEE, 2006)T. Tamagawa(IEEE,2007)
time (s)
rela
tive
gain
3 hours
No gain increase in short measurementsThis is not for a special batch of GEMs but for all GEMs we producedPossible reasons;
Less charging-up due to cylindrical hole shapeLess polarization of Liquid Crystal Polymer
No increase and decrease just after HV on.
Recent Status of Development
![Page 8: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GemGrid 1
GemGrid 2
![Page 9: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bulk high-resistivity materials
hydregenated amorphous silicon
allowed gains up to 5 105
staying proportional!
Si-rich silicon nitride (Si3N4)
![Page 10: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Measurements on Si-rich Silicon Nitride (Si3N4)
Column resistance: ρ D/OPotential surface measurable: gain drop factor 2 at dV = 17.5 VWith known current: bulk resistivity ρ measurable: ~ 1 – 50 1013 Ohm cm
Surface time constant: Column resistance x (virtual colum capacitance) =
(ρ D/O)*(ε O/D) = ρ ε (independant of layer thickness D!)
![Page 11: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs)
-essential: high-resistivity material- quenches sparks- sufficient charge compensation current
Traditional: insulator + dope (Sardinian oils…?)New: high-resistivity bulk (ceramic) material: higher counting ratesCompare graphite covered mylar foil
![Page 12: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Micromegas on pillars
Edge discharge protection foil
discharges + vibrations
conductivity of kapton
![Page 13: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Charge-up effects
After (rapid) ramping of HV:
- polarisation: reduction of E-field in insulator (bulk) volumeIn homogeneous field with insulator // to field: nothing
With E component perp. on insulating surface: modificationof potential by hitting e- and/or ions until E // surface
![Page 15: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
GEM hole
![Page 16: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
region ofworse insulation
equalizing with water
Stronger effects forgood insulator
![Page 17: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Very preliminary:
Use as little as possible insulating surfaces // strong E fieldsApply high-resistivity materials instead of insulators
Even more preliminary:
As for gain: GEMs perform les than (corresponding) Micromegas
![Page 18: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
April 2004 Micromegas + MediPix 2 NIKHEF/Saclay/Univ. Twente:
MediPix2 pixel sensorBrass spacer blockPrinted circuit boardAluminum base plate
Micromegas
Cathode (drift) plane
55Fe
Baseplate
Drift space: 15 mm
MIPs
No source, 1sNo source, 1s5555Fe, 1sFe, 1s
He/Isobutane80/20Modified MediPix
δ-ray!14 mm
![Page 19: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Integrate Micromegas and pixel sensor:
InGrid
‘wafer post processing’by
Univ. of Twente, MESA+’
![Page 20: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Full post-processing of a TimePixFull post-processing of a TimePix• Timepix chip + SiProt + Ingrid:
“Uniform”
MESA+
IMT Neuchatel
Charge mode
14 mm
![Page 21: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A “long” cosmic track
Timepix +
20 μm thick Siprot
+
Ingrid
Drifttime (bin = 10 ns)
Stable operation in He iC4H10
10 mm
cathode @ - 1500 V 14 mm
![Page 22: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Si (vertex) track detector GOSSIP
CMOS chip
Si depletion layer
Vbias
• Si strip detectors• Si pixel detectors• MAPs
Gas: 1 mm as detection medium99 % chance to have at least 1 e-
Gas amplification ~ 1000:
Single electron sensitive
All signals arrive within 16 ns
Cluster3
Cathode (drift) plane
Integrated Grid (InGrid)
Cluster2
Cluster1
Slimmed Silicon Readout chipInput pixel
1mm,100V
50um, 400V
50um
![Page 24: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Gossip: replacement of Si tracker
Essential: thin gas layer (1.2 mm)
1.2 mm
![Page 25: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
GOSSIP-Brico: PSI-46 (CMS Pixel FE chip)First prototype of GOSSIP on a PSI46 is working:
• 1.2 mm drift gap• Grid signal used as trigger• 30 µm layer of SiProt
![Page 26: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tracking sensor material: gas versus Si- it is light
- primary electrons can simply be multiplied: gas amplification: low power
- no bias current: low power & simple FE circuits
- gas can be exchanged: no radiation damage of sensor
- gas has a low εr: with small voxels the source capacity can be small (10 fF) allowing fast, low-noise, and low-power preamps
- gas is usually cheap
- low sensitive for neutron and X-ray background
- δ-rays can be recognized
- [high ion & electron mobility: fast signals, high count rates are possible]
- discharges/sparks: readout system should be spark proof- ageing: must be solved and must be understood / under control- diffusion: limits max. drift length
![Page 27: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CMOS Chip protection against - discharges- sparks- HV breakdowns- too large signals
Emperical method:Try RPC technology
Amorph Si (segmented)
Silicon Protection: SiProt
![Page 28: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Qmax ~ 1 – 2 fC
Chip may die if Qmax > 10 fC
![Page 29: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ageing
Radiation damage of CMOS pixel chip is relevant- common for all tracking detectors- believed to widthstand ATLAS Upgrade Dose in 90 nm technology
Radiation damage of sensor: not relevant for Gossip sensor since this is gas being exchanged
Typical for gaseous detectors: the deposit of an (insulating) polymeron the electrodes of a detector. Decrease of signal amplitude
Little ageing expected:- little primary ionisation (~ 10 e-/track)- low gas gain (500 – 1000)- large anode surface (compare pixel anode plane with surface of thin wire)- E-field at flat anode ~3 lower than E-field at anode wire
![Page 30: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Linear fitI = I0 + a.ta = -0.5932=> a/I2 = 0.0183
av current = 5.9 A=> total charge deposited = 5.9*3600*24*4 = 2.55 Csurface 0.49 cm2
=> 5.2 C/cm2
assume: drift distance 1 mm Ar/CH4 having 9e-/mm=> 1 mip = 9*1000*1.6*10-19
= 1.44 10-15Cdeposited charge corresponds to3.6 1015 mips/cm2
X ray irradiation at PANalytical (detail)
Time
14-M
ay-0
5
16-M
ay-0
5
18-M
ay-0
5
I cath
(A
)
0
2
4
6
8
Icath
1/x fit
3.6x1015 mips/cm2@ gain = 1000
gas: standard Ar/Methane 90/10. Deposit containing C found on anode
![Page 31: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Irradiation with 8 keV X-rays:Irradiation with 8 keV X-rays:
No No rate effectsrate effects up to anode up to anode current density of 0.2 current density of 0.2 μA / mm / mm22
very fast track counting very fast track counting possible!possible!
After 0.3 Coulomb/mm2:
(eq. 3.7 x 1016 MIPs/cm2 !!)
deposit of carbon polymer on anode is clearly visible. Micromegas is clean (!?)Little deposit on cathode, and……Chamber still worked!
Ageing
![Page 32: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Construction of many test chambersprototypesNext-1,2,3,4,5Next QuadNext-64 (ReNexed, ReLaXd)DICEAgeing Chambers
![Page 33: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Next-64 / ReLaXd / ReNexd
CO2 cooling!
![Page 34: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
DICE
![Page 35: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
DICE
Nuclear ReactorWater Bassin10 x 10 x 10 m3
ReactorInstituteDelftRID
![Page 36: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Upgraded SCT: Gossip could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use Gossip as tracker/TR X-ray detector
Essentials:
- power dissipation: 60 mW/cm2
- intrinsic mass: 0.1 % radiation length- low cost: 10 $ / cm2
![Page 38: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Barrel SCT unit
EndCap SCT unit
![Page 39: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Semiconductor (pixel, strip) Semiconductor (pixel, strip) detectorsdetectors
Depleted Si, 300 μm
(pixel) chip withpreamps, shapers,discriminators
Vbias = 150 V
electron-holepairs
![Page 40: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ATLAS pixel: basic elementATLAS pixel: basic element
C-C support
sensor
Flex Hybrid
bumps
MCC Side view
not to scale
Wire-bonding FE’sWire-bonding MCC
FE chipFE chip
Flex module 2.xFlex module 2.x
![Page 41: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
- Ladder strings fixed to end cones- Integration of beam pipe, end cones & pixel vertex detector- 5 double layers seems feasible
![Page 42: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Gossip in ATLAS (Goat-1) Stave TimePix-2 chipSiNProt layerInGrid (Si3N4)Gas Cover
‘G’(round)String
‘P’(ositive)Stringcarrying 1.3 V
‘Road’: C-fibre reinforced databus + aux services
Stiff, light Stave formed by G-stringP-stringRoad triangle
StainlessSteel tubefor CO2 cooling
casted aluminiumpower line
gasmanifold
![Page 43: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ø60mm Beampipe
Inner Layer: 7 double Goat strings
CO2 cooling channels
P-string conductor (+voltage)
G-string conductor (+voltage)
Gossip detector unit
Gossip readout
GOAT: GOssip in ATlas
![Page 44: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Upgraded SCT: Gossip/GridPix could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use GridPix as tracker/TR X-ray detector
strixels/strips
preamp channels
Essentials:
- power dissipation: 1/16 x 60 mW/cm2 = 4 mW/cm2
now:25 mW/cm2
- intrinsic mass: 0.1 % radiation length- low cost: 10 $ / cm2
~ 20 mm
![Page 45: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Upgraded Tracker: Gossip could replace:
- Pixel vertex detector: Gossip- Si Strip detectors: replace by Gossip Strixel detectors- TRT: use Gossip with 17 mm Xe layer
as tracker/TR X-ray detector
Essential:- high position-resolution tracker throughout tracker- low mass, low cost detector- Efficient TRD possible
![Page 46: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
L=30 mm
0.05 mm
V0 V1
Anatoli Romaniouk, Serguei Morozov, Serguei KonovalovMartin Fransen, Fred Hartjes, Max Chefdeville, Victor Blanco Carballo
Transition Radiator
Testbeam Nov 5 – 12, 2007PS/T9: electrons and pions, 1 – 15 GeV/c
![Page 47: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Samples pions (left) and electrons (right)
Particle Identification Particle Identification
6 GeV/c
![Page 48: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
5 (double) layer Gossip Pixel
4 layer Gossip Strixel
3 layers Gossip TRT
radiator
![Page 49: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Gas instead of SiPro:- no radiation damage in sensor: gas is exchanged- modest pixel (analog) input circuitry: low power, little space- no bias current: simple input circuit- CMOS pixel chip main task: data storage & communication (rad hard)- low detector material budget: 0.06 % radiation length/layer
typical: Si foil. New mechanical concepts- low power dissipation : little FE power (2 μW/pixel); no bias dissipation- operates at room temperature (but other temperatures are OK)- less sensitive for neutron and X-ray background- 3D track info per layer if drift time is measured
Con:- Gaseous chamber: discharges (sparks): destroy CMOS chip- gas-filled proportional chamber: ‘chamber ageing’- Needs gas flow- Parallax error: 1 ns drift time measurement may be required
![Page 50: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
New mechanics + cooling concepts for Gossip
- As little as possible material- detector consists of foil!- less power required ( less cooling) w.r.t. Si
string: power, chip support, cooling
in 2030….
‘balloon’
‘laundry line’
![Page 51: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Minimum Material Budget(% rad length)
Z = 0 mm Z = +/-600 mm
Gossip detector (50 μm Si) 0.06 0.06
Cooling (stainless steel tube) 0.001 0.001
Power (max 0.28 mm aluminium) 0.0 0.3
Data transfer (max 1.7 mm kapton)0.0 0.6
total 0.06 1
angle correction x √2 0.09 x 2 x √2 3
![Page 52: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
- Ladder strings fixed to end cones- Integration of beam pipe, end cones & pixel vertex detector- 5 double layers seems feasible
Virtual goal: ATLAS pixel vertex
![Page 53: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Gossip in ATLAS (Goat-1) Stave TimePix-2 chipSiNProt layerInGrid (Si3N4)Gas Cover
‘G’(round)String
‘P’(ositive)Stringcarrying 1.3 V
‘Road’: C-fibre reinforced databus + aux services
Stiff, light Stave formed by G-stringP-stringRoad triangle
StainlessSteel tubefor CO2 cooling
casted aluminiumpower line
gasmanifold
![Page 55: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Ø60mm Beampipe
Inner Layer: 7 double Goat strings
CO2 cooling channels
P-string conductor (+voltage)
G-string conductor (+voltage)
Gossip detector unit
Gossip readout
GOAT: GOssip in ATlas
![Page 56: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The future:
Electron Emission Foil
MEMS made MicroChannelPlates: 200 ps time resolution: CLIC
electron emission foil
CMOS pixel chip
electron avalanche in gasEE-Foil replaces InGridParallel Plate Chamber
electron emission foil
CMOS pixel chip
replace gas by vacuumMicro Channel Platesub-ns time resolutionNote CLIC experiments
![Page 57: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
July 2005: ATLAS Upgrade Worlshop GenuaContribution Gossip was refused:
……………..pixel B-layer replacement too soon for new R&D projects…..
Sept 2006: ATLAS Upgrade Workshop Liverpool:Contribution Gossip was granted (after repeated requests)
Dec 2007: ATLAS Upgrade Workshop Valencia:Invited to present Gossip R&D project
Sept 2008: PSD8, Glasgow:keynote: Norbert Wermes: Pixel detectors for charges particlesmentions 3D, Diamond, MAPs, but NOT Gossip
![Page 59: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Si tracking detectors
- the ultimate detector in HEP- associated with Moore’s Law, chip technology
Proposal:
(imaginary) separation of
Interaction Matter and
readout electronics
Integration (MAPs) maybe profitable later
![Page 60: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Si (vertex) track detector GOSSIP
CMOS chip
Si depletion layer
Vbias
• Si strip detectors• Si pixel detectors• MAPs
Gas: 1 mm as detection medium99 % chance to have at least 1 e-
Gas amplification ~ 1000:
Single electron sensitive
All signals arrive within 16 ns
Cluster3
Cathode (drift) plane
Integrated Grid (InGrid)
Cluster2
Cluster1
Slimmed Silicon Readout chipInput pixel
1mm,100V
50um, 400V
50um
![Page 61: GridPix/Gossip for ATLAS SCT Upgrade ILC CLIC …….insulators in strong E- fields………. …….the frustration of innovation……….. Harry van der Graaf Nikhef, Amsterdam](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103100/56649ec75503460f94bd3715/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
NIKHEFNIKHEFHarry van der Graaf, Max Chefdeville, Fred Hartjes, Jan Timmermans, Harry van der Graaf, Max Chefdeville, Fred Hartjes, Jan Timmermans, Jan Visschers, Marten Bosma, Martin Fransen, Yevgen Bilevych,Jan Visschers, Marten Bosma, Martin Fransen, Yevgen Bilevych,Wim Gotink, Joop RovekampWim Gotink, Joop Rovekamp
University of TwenteUniversity of TwenteCora Salm, Joost Melai, Jurriaan Schmitz, Sander Smits,Cora Salm, Joost Melai, Jurriaan Schmitz, Sander Smits,Victor Blanco CarballoVictor Blanco Carballo
University of NijmegenUniversity of Nijmegen Michael Rogers, Thei Wijnen, Adriaan Konig, Jan Dijkema,Michael Rogers, Thei Wijnen, Adriaan Konig, Jan Dijkema,
Nicolo de GrootNicolo de Groot
CEA/DAPNIA SaclayCEA/DAPNIA SaclayD. Attié, P. Colas, I. GiomatarisD. Attié, P. Colas, I. Giomataris
CERNCERNM. Campbell, X. LlopartM. Campbell, X. Llopart
University of Neuchatel/MTIUniversity of Neuchatel/MTINicolas WyrschNicolas Wyrsch
Czech Tech. Univ. Prague, PrahaCzech Tech. Univ. Prague, PrahaPixelman: T. Holy et al.Pixelman: T. Holy et al.