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Grocery VSD MeasureDeemed Savings
Reid Hart, PE & Ken Anderson
September 28, 2010
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following entities for their support:
• Avista Utilities• Bonneville Power Administration• Puget Sound Energy
We would also like to thank the RTF RTUG members for their valuable feedback
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Purpose
Approval for new deemed measures for VFD and controller installed on Grocery store sales floor HVAC supply fan.
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Proposed Measures
• Units are fan motor horsepower.
Measure Name
Minimum Fan Motor Size HP
Energy Savings (kWh/yr-
HP)
Measure Life
(years)
Measure Cost
($/ HP)Benefit
Cost RatioGrocery HVAC
VFD- 12 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 1,295 15$1225-$3250 1.3-4.9
Grocery HVAC VFD- 16 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 1,724 15
$1225-$3250 1.7-6.5
Grocery HVAC VFD- 24 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 2,551 15
$1225-$3250 2.6-9.6
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Agenda
• Technology Overview• Energy Savings Calculation Methodology
– Overview probability inputs for Expected Value Deemed Savings
– Feedback on specific factors & probabilities
• Cost• Measure Life• Program Specifications• Conclusions
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Technology Overview: VSDWiring a VSD on the electrical side saves substantial labor compared to replacing the motor and having to re-align the drive.
VSDs come in a wide variety of
sizes!
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Ventilation Approach• Basic premise:
– Existing fixed ventilation to remain set AS IS
– Lower fan speed will reduce ventilation below existing levels
– Relation to desired levels unknown– Finding out doubles measure cost
Ventilation Response
50%60%70%80%90%
100%110%
400 600 800 1000 1200
PPM CO2
Fan
Spe
ed
• CO2 control provided as an override for high occupancy
- Fan speed will increase when CO2 concentration indicates high occupancy.
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Measure Control Sequence of Operation
• Standard Step Controls– Maintain set minimum speed for positive pressure (50% to 70%)– Discharge air temperature DAT maintenance; increase fan speed
as necessary to:• Speed set to keep warmer than 55°F during cooling
• Speed set to keep cooler than 160°F during heating
– Ventilation override; increase speed to:• Maintain 1150 ppm CO2 concentration
• Advanced controls include smart relay– Cooling impact; operate at full speed on:
• Call for cooling & OSA below 70°F
– Ventilation ramped rather than stepped with differential– Maintain temperature control & interface with DDC– Option for humidity control
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Calculations &Variable Assumptions
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Savings Methodology• Expected Value Deemed Savings
– Consider baseline variation impact on savings
– Typical & Hi/Lo values for influencing parameters
• DOE 2 – eQUEST 3.64R– Evaluate parameter impacts on loads & fan sizing
– Develop hourly loads for transfer to
• Hourly spreadsheet– Pre- and post- occupied fan operation calculated
• Sensitivity & Expected Value analysis
Grocery Fan VSD Sensitivity Tornado Diagram
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Hours Open
Refrigeration % Open
Motor Selection
Speed Turndown
Ventilation
Fan Affinity Coefficient
Climate
Store Activity (People)
Duct Static
Light & Equip Density
Fan/Drive/Motor Eff
Annual Savings kWh/Nom Fan HP
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“Typical” Grocery Analysis
• Refrigeration based model– Typical grocery used in ES Grocer
– Focused on sales floor (80% of area)
• Parameters of interest
– Fan Control– Hours Fan Operating
– Motor Selection– Speed Turndown– Ventilation % OSA
– Refrig. Space Load – Fan Affinity
Coefficient– Climate– Light & Equip Density– Store Activity (People)
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Impact on Savings of all Considered Parameters
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Fan Operating Hours
Source: GrocerSmart Database
Occupied Schedule Distribution n=4230
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Average Occupied Hours per Day
Bin mean occupied Hours: 11.0 15.4 22.8Modeled as fan hours: 12 16 24Up to 1.2 hours of fan operation added to occupied time (2 hours typical)
Bins Occupied: 0-12; 13-18; 19-24Fan Operation: 0-13; 14-19; 20-24
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Remaining Parameter Sensitivity
Grocery Fan VSD Sensitivity Tornado Diagram
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
Motor Selection
Speed Turndown
Ventilation
Refrigeration Load
Fan Affinity Coefficient
Climate
Light & Equip Density
Store Activity (People)
Annual Savings kWh/Nominal Fan HP
1.08
30% 50%
5% 30% of supply
18. 3 45.6 kWh/sf-yr
2.0 2.7
Missoula Portland
1.1 / 0.8 2.1 / 1.3 W/sf
49% 100% (157 people)
0.73 Motor Load Factor
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Response to RTUG Feedback
• Speed Turndown– 50% speed probability reduced
• Ventilation % OSA– Lower state (5%) added
• Refrigeration Space Load – Clarified & calibrated; weighted to higher load
• Fan Affinity Coefficient– Range increased from 1.8-2.4 to 2.0-2.7
• Store Activity (People)– Density reduced; High density lower probability
Detailed parameter impact ranges, states, and
probabilities are in posted detailed slides.
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Expected Value Savings
Bin Fan Opr Hrs/day Opr EV Save kWh/nom HP
0-13 12 1295
14-19 16 1724
20-24 24 2551
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Step Control$1000 + 225/HP
Prices from Manufacturers and invoices from like projects, includes labor
InstalledCosts
Analog Control $1900 + $225/HP
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Measure Life
VFDVFD on HVAC -CALMAC Protocol and Procedures 15 years
CO2 SensorNWPPC-Demand Control Ventilation 15 years
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Program Specifications
•Applicable to Main grocery sales floor RTU supply fans.•Units must have fixed ventilation damper (units with economizers will be able to use premium ventilation new measure).
– Shut-off damper controls are allowed•Units must have continuous fan operation during occupied period.
– Fans in “Auto” disqualified - poor IAQ and negative savings •Measure based on hours of operation of HVAC unit, not hours of operation of store.
•Incentives paid based on HP of fan motor nameplate/nominal
•CO2 sensor installed in return air duct or per local/state code
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Conclusion
Measure Name
Minimum Fan Motor Size HP
Energy Savings (kWh/yr-
HP)
Measure Life
(years)
Measure Cost
($/ HP)Benefit
Cost RatioGrocery HVAC
VFD- 12 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 1,295 15$1225-$3250 1.3-4.9
Grocery HVAC VFD- 16 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 1,724 15
$1225-$3250 1.7-6.5
Grocery HVAC VFD- 24 hrs 1.0 (~5 ton) 2,551 15
$1225-$3250 2.6-9.6
• Units are motor horsepower
PECI seeks approval for the following deemed measures:
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Category Store Hours Fan Motor HPSite Savings
(kWh) Capital Cost ($) TRC B/C Ratio
Analog 24 1.0 2,551 $ 2,125 1.5
Analog 24 1.5 3,827 $ 2,238 2.1
Analog 24 2.0 5,102 $ 2,350 2.7
Analog 24 3.0 7,653 $ 2,575 3.6
Analog 24 4.0 10,204 $ 2,800 4.5
Analog 24 5.0 12,755 $ 3,025 5.2
Analog 24 7.5 19,133 $ 3,588 6.5
Analog 24 10.0 25,510 $ 4,150 7.5
Step 24 1.0 2,551 $ 1,225 2.6
Step 24 1.5 3,827 $ 1,338 3.5
Step 24 2.0 5,102 $ 1,450 4.3
Step 24 3.0 7,653 $ 1,675 5.6
Step 24 4.0 10,204 $ 1,900 6.6
Step 24 5.0 12,755 $ 2,125 7.4
Step 24 7.5 19,133 $ 2,688 8.7
Step 24 10.0 25,510 $ 3,250 9.6
VSD on HVAC Fan: TRC Benefit Cost Ratio – 24-Hour Grocery
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Category Store Hours Fan Motor HPSite Savings
(kWh) Capital Cost ($) TRC B/C Ratio
Analog 16 1.0 1,724 $ 2,125 1.0
Analog 16 1.5 2,586 $ 2,238 1.4
Analog 16 2.0 3,448 $ 2,350 1.8
Analog 16 3.0 5,172 $ 2,575 2.5
Analog 16 4.0 6,896 $ 2,800 3.0
Analog 16 5.0 8,620 $ 3,025 3.5
Analog 16 7.5 12,930 $ 3,588 4.4
Analog 16 10.0 17,240 $ 4,150 5.1
Step 16 1.0 1,724 $ 1,225 1.7
Step 16 1.5 2,586 $ 1,338 2.4
Step 16 2.0 3,448 $ 1,450 2.9
Step 16 3.0 5,172 $ 1,675 3.8
Step 16 4.0 6,896 $ 1,900 4.5
Step 16 5.0 8,620 $ 2,125 5.0
Step 16 7.5 12,930 $ 2,688 5.9
Step 16 10.0 17,240 $ 3,250 6.5
VSD on HVAC Fan: TRC Benefit Cost Ratio – 16-Hour Grocery
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Category Store Hours Fan Motor HPSite Savings
(kWh) Capital Cost ($) TRC B/C Ratio
Analog 12 1.0 1,295 $ 2,125 0.7
Analog 12 1.5 1,943 $ 2,238 1.1
Analog 12 2.0 2,590 $ 2,350 1.4
Analog 12 3.0 3,885 $ 2,575 1.9
Analog 12 4.0 5,180 $ 2,800 2.3
Analog 12 5.0 6,475 $ 3,025 2.6
Analog 12 7.5 9,713 $ 3,588 3.3
Analog 12 10.0 12,950 $ 4,150 3.8
Step 12 1.0 1,295 $ 1,225 1.3
Step 12 1.5 1,943 $ 1,338 1.8
Step 12 2.0 2,590 $ 1,450 2.2
Step 12 3.0 3,885 $ 1,675 2.8
Step 12 4.0 5,180 $ 1,900 3.3
Step 12 5.0 6,475 $ 2,125 3.7
Step 12 7.5 9,713 $ 2,688 4.4
Step 12 10.0 12,950 $ 3,250 4.9
VSD on HVAC Fan: TRC Benefit Cost Ratio – 12-Hour Grocery
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