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Tagliamento River area as an habitat complex
of special faunal interest and value
International Alpine Workshop - Tagliamento 2012
Norbert Grosser
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From alpine region to the Adriatic sea-a change of zoogeographical elements and ecosystem types in short distances
as a basis of high biodiversity
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Sources of faunistical interest are:Checklist of the Italian fauna on-lineData sheets of areas of european FFH-guidelineInvestigations of specialists of different animal groupsInvestigations of students in former Tagliamento projects From Italy, Switzerland and Germany
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Further reasons for high biodiversity are :river diversity in: corridor width, flow velocity,water temperature, different depth, substrate texture, bank habit, habitats of river and sourroundings
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Some regions are therefore protected areas.
Alpine and continental region: Natura 2000 sites
Comelico - Bosco della Digola - Brentoni - Tudaio andVal Talagona - Gruppo Monte Cridola - Monte Duranno = Dolomiti del Cadore e del Comelico (SPA) – upper catchment area(Lago Minisini e Rivoli Bianchi) –neighbouringValle del Medio Tagliamento andGreto del Tagliamento: - medium course -LIFE Project MAGREDI GRASSLANDS – Restoration of Dry grasslands (Magredi) in four Sites of Community Importance of Friuli Lowland LIFE10 NAT/IT/000243Bosco di Golena del Torreano – under courseFoce del Tagliamento – estuary
Smaller protected areas: Lago Cornino
But it´s only a part of endangered habitats in Tagliamento area
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Data situation (very incomplete):Vertebrates:amphibians 17 species (35 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)birds 188 species (428 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)fishes 42 species (52 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)lampreys 2 species (2 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)mammals 40 species (97 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)reptiles 16 species (48 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)
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Data situationalderflies 1 species (4 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)arachnids 20 species (3573 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)bees, wasps and relates 3 species (5869 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)beetles 1335 species (9181 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)bugs 8 species (1072 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)butterflies and moths 512 species (4322 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)caddisflies 19 species (276 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)crustaceans 4 species (586 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)dragonflies 39 species (83 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)earwigs 2 species ( 18 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)flatworms 1 species (112 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)flies and midges 26 species (5945 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)lacewings 3 species (122 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)locusts and crickets 79 species (211 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)mayflies 32 species (72 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)praying mantises 1 species (7 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)roaches 1 species (16 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)snails and mussels 38 species (524 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)stoneflies 15 species (119 species and subspecies in Northern Italy)
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In the last 5-6 years we collected informations and data of 2444 animal speciesin the course of Tagliamento and ist sourroundings.
The whole faunal region of Northern Italy consists (Fauna-Italia online) of32774 species and subspecies of animals in the taxa we have investigated.Some thousands more are existing in in this high diverse region.
Our investigations are only a view in the window of biodiversity.
But we want to contribute to understanding the connections between different habitatscales in the landscape and the existence of animal populations.
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Bed load barriers disconnect habitats of water insects, fishes, crustaceans and flatworms.
Better are undisturbed inflows.
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Narrowing river bed by beton wallswe destroy river bank habitats and block migrations for example ofamphibians between breeding and food habitats.
Bufo viridis – a typical inhabitant of Tagliamento flood plain
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The plans to construct big retention waterbasins in this part of the coursechanges not only th whole flowing behaviour of the river –it destroys a lot of habitats and leads to loss of biodiversity
From: STUDIO PRELIMINARE PERL’INDIVIDUAZIONE DI ALTERNATIVEALLE CASSE DI ESPANSIONE PREVISTENEL MEDIO CORSO DEL FIUMETAGLIAMENTOVOLUME I Aspetti idraulici, socio-economici e ambientaliWWF Italia 2004
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New plans concerning road construction influence the habitats along the river
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Off road activities destroy a lot of microhabitas.They have influence to animal groups as mantids, grasshoppers, earwigs and tiger beetles.The ponds, the cars drive through are habitats of dragonfly larvae.
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Use uf pesticides in flood plain agricultural areas-especially poplar plantationsand maize fields
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Neophytes change the existenceconditions of phytophagous insectsand lead to remarkable loss of species richness
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Natural river dynamics createsimportant habitat structures –for example cover structuresbetween tree rootes
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In sludge areas you can find mikrohabitats, so called galleries of Xya variegata (a small cricket like insect) existing for a short time of the year
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Convex river banks show us the dynamics of river morphology,elute big soil amounts and built up breeding placesfor bee eaters, digging theirholes in the fresh wall.
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Temporary flood plain pools are habitats for Bombina variegata and Hyla italica, sometimes hunting Natrix tesselata (all are protected by European FFH-guideline)
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From our knowledgethe Tagliamento areahas a big variety of speciesprotected by the FFH-directiveand the European bird directive.
111 bird species are listed from the area (annex I and II).
19 mammals, 8 reptiles, 11 amphibians, 14 fishes, 2 lampreys, 2 snails and 17 arthropodsfrom Tagliamento are listedas protected by FFH-directive (annex II,IV,V).
We have to save their habitats for the future.
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Ardea purpureaCaprimulgus europaeus
Egretta garzettaGyps fulvus
Examples ofprotected birds in the area.
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Coenonympha oedippus Hyles hippophaes
Lopinga achine
Some protected species (FFH-directive)we met at our fieldwork in the last years.
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Lets have a common look to the richness of our nature and recognize the dangerous impacts to save biodiversity.
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The classical floodplain species Apatura ilia gets back some minerals from an excursion participant- thank´s for all.