Download - Groundwater Pumping
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 1
Groundwater Pumping
Session 1Handpumps
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 3
Pumping principles
Creating a velocity headWater can be propelled to a high speed. The momentum produced can be used either to create a pressure or a flow.
Propeller Pumps, Centrifugal Pumps, Rebound Inertia Pumps, Jet Pumps.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 4
Pumping principles
Using the buoyancy of a gasAir that is blown into water bubbles upward. It will lift a proportion of the water that it flows through.
http://www.koenderswindmills.com/Koenders_Windmills_AirDr.html
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 5
Pumping principles
GravityEnergy of a media (water) that flows downward under gravity is used to lift water.
Siphons http://www.asseenontvguys.com/liquid-transfer-pump.aspx
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 6
Pumping principles
DisplacementWater cannot be compressed so it is pushed or displaced.
Piston Pumps, Progressive Cavity Pumps and Diaphragm Pumps
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 7
Displacement - Reciprocating handpumps During the downstroke the atmospheric
pressure acts equally on all water surfaces. The foot valve stays closed, preventing water from being pushed back into the well. The piston presses down onto the water until the non-return piston valve opens, allowing water to flow through the piston.
During the upstroke the weight of the water column causes the piston valve to close. The water above the piston rises up in the rising main, flowing out by the spout.
A vacuum is created below the piston, the atmospheric pressure pushes water into the cylinder.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 88
Displacement - Suction pumps The cylinder is above the water table
The rising main extends below the water table.
The atmospheric pressure forces the water into the area of low pressure underneath the piston.
The theoretical limit to which the atmospheric pressure can push up water is 10 metres. In practice, suction pumps can be used to lift water up to about 7 or 8 metres.
The pump needs to be primed before it can be operated
Maintenance is easy as the cylinder is accessible above ground
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 9
Displacement - Direct action pumps
Direct action handpump have a T-handle directly connected to the pump rod and the piston.
The pump rods are sealed airtight, thus buoyant which reduces the force needed on the up-stroke. They deliver water during up- and down-stroke.
Direct action pumps are normally corrosion resistant, and very easy to handle by the community.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 10
Displacement - Lever action pumps
When the water has to be drawn from deeper levels, pumping becomes heavier. To gain a mechanical advantage levers are used to operate the pump.
Lever action pumps consist of:1. above-ground components like
pump head, pump stand and handle
2. down-the-hole components like rising main, pump rods with plunger, cylinder and foot valve.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 11
Rope pumps
The Rope Pump is not defined with a specific design but a concept
Small workshops produce different rope pump designs, adapted to their local conditions, sell the pumps directly to the users.
A pulley wheel (made of a car tyre) pulls the rope with the attached pistons through the rising main pipe.
The pistons transport the water upwards to the spout.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 1212
Progressive cavity pumps
Progressive cavity pumps can be used in small diameter boreholes.
The pump has a rotor made to a high finish inserted into a rubber double helix stator.
When the rotor is turned the water will pushed upwards and discharged into the rising main.
Progressive cavity pumps need to be driven at a relatively high speed; therefore, handpumps are often fitted with a gearbox. This makes this type of pump relatively complicated and costly.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 131313
Diaphragm Pumps Diaphragm Pumps use a
flexible diaphragm, which is expanded and contracted to displace water.
They have no heavy mechanical parts below ground.
The high quality diaphragms are costly
The overall efficiency is relatively low because of the energy needed to expand the diaphragm on every stroke.
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
APPENDICES
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 15
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 16
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 17
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 18
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 19
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 20
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 21
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 22
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 23
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 24
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 25
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 26
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 27
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 28
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 29
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 30
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 31
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 32
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 33
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 34
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 35
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 36
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 37
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 38
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 39
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 40
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 41
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 42
ExampleProgressive Cavity Pumps
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 43
WASH Cluster – Groundwater Pumping GWP
GWP1 44