Download - Growing The U.S. Livestock Economy: The Environmental (Phosphorous Assimilation) Challenge
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Growing The U.S. Livestock Economy: The Environmental (Phosphorous Assimilation) Challenge
Tyler Mark, Louisiana State University
Mike Boehlje, Allan Gray, and Brad Joern, Purdue University
Department of Agricultural Economics
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Objective
Is livestock growth on a per state basis feasible according to a strict phosphorus application standard for livestock manure?
Who Cares?State governments, livestock producers, environmental regulators , and livestock associations that are trying to promote livestock growth within their respective states.
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Environmental Capacity P Produced P Assimilated
Capacity of Federally and State Inspected Processing Plants
SWOT Analysis for Indiana’s Livestock Industry
Feed Capacity Environmental Capacity Processing Capacity
P Produced P Assimilated
Surplus or Deficit
Feed Consumed
Production of Meat, Dairy, and Poultry
Feed Produced
Surplus or Deficit Surplus or Deficit
Location Implications County District State
Indiana Specific Analysis
Population - Population Density
- Animal Density
Processing Capacity Number of Plants
Social/Legal Acceptance Population Density Animal Density
Feed Availability Total Production Feed Prices
State Comparison
Potential Growth for Indiana Livestock
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Data
Livestock Inventories – USDA & Industry Professionals
Crop Production – USDA Inorganic Commercial Fertilizer Sales –
National Fertilizer Institute & Indiana State Chemist
Phosphorus Excretion – ASAE Standards Phosphorus Assimilation – Nutrient
Recommendations for Field Crops in Michigan & Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations
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State Comparison
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States Included in Comparison
Minnesota Mississippi North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Pennsylvania South Carolina Texas West Virginia Wisconsin
Arizona Arkansas California Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Michigan
*Selected states with highest growth in inventories in 7 livestock segments for 2000-2004 or are boarder states to Indiana
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1. Not a uniform product
2. Soil compaction
3. Transportation cost
Source: 2002 Census of Agriculture www.nass.usda.gov/Census_of_Agriculture/
Percent of Farms That Applied Manure and Percent of Acres that Received
Manure Application by State
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Phosphorus Production by Species for 2004
- 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60
% of Total P Produced
Beef
Dairy
Poultry
Swine
Liv
es
tock
Se
gm
en
t
U.S. Study
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Percentage of States Nutrient Assimilation Capacity Used
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Estimated State Level Assimilation Capacity at Strict Phosphorus Standard(Livestock Phosphorus Production Only)
Legend
N/A
0% -
25%
26%
- 50
%
51%
- 75
%
76%
- 10
0%
101%
& O
ver
Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and West Virginia have excess phosphorus from just livestock production
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Estimated State Level Assimilation Capacity at Strict Phosphorus Standard(Livestock & Commercial Fertilizer)
Legend
N/A
0% -
25%
26%
- 50
%
51%
- 75
%
76%
- 10
0%
101%
& O
ver
Arkansas, California, Idaho, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Ohio, South Carolina, and Wisconsin have excess phosphorus as a result of commercial fertilizer
Arkansas, California, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Wisconsin have excess phosphorus from livestock and commercial fertilizer
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Assimilation Capacity Implications
Crops grown in the Corn Belt are efficient at phosphorus assimilation
Traditionally, livestock farms in the Corn Belt have more cropland than livestock farms in other regions
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State Assimilation Capacity1 (Livestock) Assimilation Capacity1 (Livestock and Fertilizer)
<50% <100%
Arizona X X
Arkansas
California
Georgia
Idaho X
Illinois X X
Indiana X
Iowa X X
Kansas X X
Kentucky X
Michigan X
Minnesota X
Mississippi
North Carolina
Ohio X
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Texas X X
West Virginia
Wisconsin X
1) Capacity Used at strict Phosphorus Standard
LEGEND
X in both X in 1 X in 0
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Example of State Specific Analysis (Indiana)
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Indiana’s Current Manure Application Policy
P < 50 ppm = 3 times P crop removal rate (Nitrogen Standard)
50 < P < 100 ppm = 1.5 times P crop removal
100 < P < 200 ppm = 1.0 time P crop removal
P > 200 ppm = NO APPLICATION
Source: www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/tsp.html
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Estimated County Level Assimilation Capacity at 1.5 times the Phosphorus Standard
Livestock Livestock & Fertilizer
Legend
0% - 25%
26% - 50%
51% - 75%
76% - 100%
101% - 133%
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Estimated County Level Assimilation Capacity at Strict Phosphorus Standard
Livestock Livestock & Fertilizer
Legend
0% - 25%
26% - 50%
51% - 75%
76% - 100%
101% - 133%
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Implications
Counties with excess nutrients have options Substitute manure for fertilizer Change cropping patterns Change livestock rations Alternative use methods (methane
digester, composting) These methods will not eliminate P
Decrease livestock inventories
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Conclusions Phosphorus assimilation could be a limiting
factor
Assimilation Capacity Corn belt crops are more efficient at phosphorus assimilation Changing crop patterns (i.e. increased corn production for
ethanol) Changing livestock rations
As EPA regulations continue to tighten and stricter phosphorus standards are implemented, new technology will be needed for growth of livestock
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Strategy Recommendations 1. Promote the value of manure nutrients and encourage the
substitution of manure for commercial fertilizer. Indiana livestock alone does not produce enough phosphorus to meet the states demand for phosphorus, but the livestock industry is a significant supplier. In addition, work with the commercial fertilizer industry to identify strategies that will benefit both livestock producers and commercial fertilize dealers
2. Continue to develop new ways to increase the value of manure through alternative methods that will increase manures’ mobility and uniformity. Currently some livestock producers view manure as a waste and not a value added product. Indiana must show farmers the value of their manure.
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Strategy Recommendations (continued)
3. Continue to work with researchers to find ways to change the Nitrogen and Phosphorus ratios in the manure
4. Work with fertilizer industry to find ways to blend manure with commercial fertilizers.
5. Continue to work with researchers to find methods to do real time testing of manure nutrients.
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Comments & Questions