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GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO AS INFLUENCED BY POULTRY MANURE AND NPK FERTILIZER
A. O. Adekiya and T.M. Agbede
By. Hazyuniati
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INTRODUCTION
In Nigeria to meet the millennium development goal in food production, food including tomato must be readily
available.
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Low soil fertility.
Inorganic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer
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Soil fertility is a major overriding constraint that effect all aspects of crop production (Mbah, 2006)
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INORGANIC FERTILIZER
Being expensive and scarce Reduced crop yield Soil acidity Nutrient imbalance
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In addition to being expensive and scarce, the use of inorganic fertilizer
has not been helpful in intensive agriculture because it is often
associated with reduced crop yield, soil acidity and nutrient imbalance.
(Ojeniyi, 2000; Ano and Agwu, 2005; Agbede et al., 2008)
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ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Renewable forms of energy Reduce cost of organic fertilizer Available in urban centers Effective source of nutrients for vegatables
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Large quantities of organic wastes such as poultry manure are available
especially in urban centers and are an effective source of nutrients for vegetables such
as tomato. (Adediran et al., 2003)
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
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Polutry Manure
(PM)
NPK 15-15-15+
Polutry Manure
(PM)
NPK 15-15-15
The growth
and yield of tomato
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SITE AND CROP ESTABLISHMENT
Field experiments were conducted during the 2006 and 2007 early and late cropping seasons, respectively at Owo, Nigeria.
The experiment was laid out on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications.
The treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM), 300 kg ha-1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and 150 kg ha-1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM).
Each plot was 8 m x 8 m, with a 2 m margin round each plot per plant.
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The site was manually heaped. Three weeks old local variety of tomato
seedlings were transplanted to the field at a spacing of 1 m x 1 m in April and August of each year (2006 and 2007) for early and late crops, respectively, giving a tomato population of 10,000 plants ha-1
Poultry manure (PM) and fertilizer were applied by ring method two weeks after transplanting.
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LEAF AND SOIL ANALYSIS
The samples were analysed for leaf N, P, K, Ca, and Mg as described by Tel and Hargarty
The particle size analysis was done using Bouyoucos hydrometer method
Soil pH was determined by using a soil-water medium at a ratio of 1:2 using the digital electronic pH meter
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Name determine
N was determined by the micro-Kjeldahl digestion method.
P was determined colorimetrically by the vanadomolybdate method,
K was determined using a flame photometer
Ca Was determined by the EDTA titration method.
Mg Was determined by the EDTA titration method.
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DETERMINATION OF GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS
Ten plants per plot were selected for biweekly determination of plant height and number of leaves
The leaf area was determined at the mid-flowering stage of tomato plant in each plot
The number and weight of the fruits were evaluated between 72 and 90 days after transplanting
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RESULT
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Properties of the soil prior to experimentation in 2006 and poultry manure used are shown in Table 1
Table 2 contains data on the tomato leaf nutrient composition during 2006 and 2007
Data on the chemical composition of the soil at the end of the experiment in 2007 is presented in Table 3
Data on the growth and yield of tomato are presented in table 4 and 5
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DISCUSSION
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The increase of N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents of tomato due to the application of manure is consistent with the use of poultry manure as fertilizer for tomato production
Olasantan (1991) also found that fruit yield of the tomato plants was reduced at higher N application rates.
All levels of poultry manure supply more nutrients than NPK fertilizer.
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Poultry manure litters resulted in better growth and yield of tomato than NPK fertilizer alone.
The highest tomato fruit yield recorded for this treatment is consistent with the maximum presence of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the soil and tomato leaf
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CONCLUSION
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The quantities of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer required would
be reduced and tomato crop performance enhanced, therefore
reducing the amount of money spent on chemical fertilizer
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Thank you