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Happy Monday!Bellwork: October 26
Write the following question and your answers on a bellwork page.
In what organelle does transcription occur in the
cell?
In what organelle does translation occur?
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Science Fact of the Day:Fingernails grow four times as fast as toenails.
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Let’s get ready!• Title: DNA Mutations•Date: 10-26-15• Essential Question: What effect will a mutation have on the body?•Fold your mutation paper in half hot dog style and glue it in on the left side of the page. Leave some room at the bottom
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Think about it:What happens if our DNA gets
messed up?
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Do you know of any diseases caused by genetic mutations?
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Mutations: changes in the genetic material caused by mistakes during replication, transcription, or due to environmental factors (radiation)
Sickle Cell AnemiaColor Blindness
Crystal clear underwater vision!Crystal clear underwater vision
Resistance to HIV
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In other words mutations are changes in DNA
How big is DNA?
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Two major types of mutations:
Point Mutations (substitutions) A mutation that changes a single base
Frameshift Mutations An insetion or deletion that affects the entire amino acid sequence
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Normal DNA Phe Tyr Ala Arg
DNA
mRNA
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Silent:
DNA
mRNAPhe Tyr Ala Arg
Even though a base changes, it does not cause a change in the amino acidsPo
int M
utati
onMutations only “matter” if they change the amino acid sequence. Ex. Wicked Bible
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Missense:
DNA
mRNAPhe Tyr Gly Arg
A base change causes a change in one amino acidPo
int M
utati
on
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Nonsense:
DNA
mRNAPhe Stop Ala Arg
A base change causes an early stopPo
int M
utati
on
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Insertion:
DNA
mRNAPhe Iso Cys Thr
A base is added and causes a change in all the amino acids after itFr
ames
hift
Mut
ation
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Deletion:
DNA
mRNAPhe Leu His
A base is deleted and causes a change in all the amino acids after itFr
ames
hift
Mut
ation
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Genetic Mutations: Your Name1. Copy the chart below.2. Write your name in the first box.3. Put a box around each codon.4. Fill in the rest of the start by doing the mutation. 5. Put a box around each codon after the mutation.
Name: T I F F A N Y J O Y J O N E S
Insertion (add a base into the sequence)
T I F F A N Y Z J O Y J O N E S
Deletion (take a base away)
T I F F A N J O Y J O N E S
Substitution (take out a base and put a different one in its place
T I F F A N Z J O Y J O N E S
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Quick WriteWhich is more likely to have
a bigger effect on an organism, a point mutation
or frameshift mutation? Explain why.
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Use the remainder of class to start on your homework (due tomorrow).
The amino acids can be abbreviated to only the first 3 letters.