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Harvest
Collecting data for a field investigation
FETP India
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Competency to be gained from this lecture
Collect data for a field investigation according to standard operating
procedures
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Key issues
• Data quality• Field work
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Data quality
• Reliability Reproducibility/repeatability/precision Ability of a measurement to give the same
result or similar result with repeated measurements of the same thing
Refers to stability or consistency of information
• Accuracy• Ability of a measurement to be correct on the
averageData quality
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ReliableAccurate
Not reliableAccurate
ReliableNot accurate
Not reliableNot accurate
Reliability and accuracy
Data quality
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Seven steps to data collection
1. Draft question-by-question guide2. Train staff members who will collect data3. Standardize the data collection
procedure4. Initiate field work5. Control instruments6. Debrief to trouble shoot difficulties7. Validate
Data collection
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1. The question by question guide(q-by-q)
• Short document to be understood as a guide for field workers
• Consider each question, number by number
• Provide guidance as to how the data should be collected
• Used as a road map for good data collection Drafted initially Revised as issues arise and are addressed
Data collection
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Example of q-by-q
• Question 6 (Housing): Observe the house and note if made of
mud or bricks
• Question 12 (Household income) : Identify all the person with financial
income in the household Estimate each source of income Sum up to generate household income
Data collection
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2. Train field workers
• Select good, experienced field workers• Present the study and its objectives
Slide presentation
• Distribute the q-by-q• Walk people through the q-by-q• List tasks to be conducted • Answer questions• Simulate interviews within the team
Data collection
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3. Standardize data collection
• Interviewers Take field workers by teams in the field Conduct interviews as a small group Note issues that may come us, resolve
them as a group Continue until the procedure is clear to
everyone
• Instruments Calibration, standardization
Data collection
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4. Field work
• Send field workers by team of at least two persons Interviewer (Speak the local language) Note taker
• Initiate data collection• Be available to answer questions• Visit teams in the field• Do not press for quick completion
Data collection
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5. Checking the instruments
• Each team checks the instrument before leaving the household Cross check: The one who did not fill checks
• The supervisor checks the instruments before leaving the location
• All take responsibility for the instrument: Names and signatures
• Investigator checks instruments as they come
Data collection
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Checks to conduct
• Completeness Did the field worker fill all items?
• Readability Is the writing readable?
• Consistency Do the answer make sense? Is there internal consistency?
Data collection
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Auto-coding
• Q.25: Where did you go when your child had diarrhoea? 1. Hospital2. Public clinic3. Private clinic4. Pharmacist
2
Data collection in the field
Coding right after field work
Data collection
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6. Debrief to trouble shoot difficulties
• Regular meetings Evening or morning
• Facilitate a discussion about Issues identified Clarification needed
• Make note of decisions on the q-by-q if needed
Data collection
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7. Validate
• Select a number of study participants at random
• Conduct a second interview • Compare results• Debrief discrepancies with:
Field worker if individual issue Group if general issue
Data collection
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Take home messages
• Understand the concepts of data quality• Supportive supervision and team work
are key to good quality data collection